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This article aims to identify the association of sociodemographic factors and lifestyle behaviours with bullying perpetration and victimization among high school students. The adolescents (n=852) answered a questionnaire about bullying (victims and perpetrators), sociodemographic factors (sex, age, maternal education, and participant's work status), tobacco use, alcohol use, illicit drug experimentation, physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration. Multilevel logistic regression models were performed. Older adolescents were less likely to be victims of bullying. Females were less likely to be perpetrators or victims of bullying. Adolescents who were working were more likely to be involved in bullying in both forms. Participation in non-sport activities and alcohol consumption were associated with higher odds of bullying victimization. We have identified specific populational subgroups that are more susceptible to being victims and/or perpetrators of bullying, which could support tailor-specific interventions to prevent bullying.

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Efforts are needed to better understand what are the effective pathways that can optimize success in school-based physical activity interventions. This study aimed to investigate the mediators of a school-based intervention in the practice of physical activity in Brazilian students. The Fortaleça sua Saúde [Strengthen Your Health] program followed 1,085 students (11-18 years) over a semester. This multi-component intervention included training teachers, offering physical activity opportunities, and health education. Self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and potential mediators (attitude, self-efficacy, social support, perceived neighborhood environment, and physical activity facilities at school) were assessed. The product of coefficient analysis was performed. The sample was composed of 1,085 students (51.5% boys). The total effect of the intervention was 0.706 (95%CI: 0.276; 1.136). A total of 40% of the intervention effect on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was explained by attitude towards physical activity and social support from friends and teachers. Social support from friends was a significant mediator only among boys (ab: 0.113, 95%CI: 0.027; 0.256), and social support from teachers only among girls (ab: 0.135, 95%CI: 0.019; 0.328); indicating a statistically significant indirect effect of the program on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity via these mediators. A relevant part of the effect of a multicomponent intervention on physical activity among students from vulnerable areas is explained by changes via variables at different levels of the socioecological model, including social support from friends and teachers, and attitude towards physical activity. These results should be considered in public policies.

São necessárias esforços para melhor entender quais são os caminhos efetivos que podem otimizar o sucesso em intervenções de atividade física escolares. Este estudo investigou os mediadores de uma intervenção escolar na prática de atividade física entre estudantes brasileiros. O programa Fortaleça sua Saúde matriculou 1.085 alunos (11-18 anos) ao longo de um semestre. Essa intervenção multicomponente incluiu a capacitação de professores, a oferta de oportunidades de atividade física e a educação em saúde. Atividade física moderada a vigorosa autorrelatada e potenciais mediadores (atitude, autoeficácia, suporte social, ambiente da vizinhança percebido e instalações de atividade física na escola) foram avaliados. Foi realizada a análise do produto do coeficiente. A amostra foi composta por 1.085 estudantes (51,5% meninos). O efeito total da intervenção foi de 0,706 (IC95%: 0,276; 1,136). No total, 40% do efeito da intervenção sobre atividade física moderada a vigorosa foi explicado pela atitude em relação à atividade física dos participantes e apoio social de amigos e professores. O apoio social dos amigos foi um mediador significativo apenas entre os meninos (ab: 0,113, IC95%: 0,027; 0,256) e apoio social dos professores apenas entre as meninas (ab: 0,135, IC95%: 0,019; 0,328), indicando um efeito indireto estatisticamente significativo do programa sobre a atividade física moderada a vigorosa por meio destes mediadores. Parte relevante do efeito de uma intervenção multicomponente sobre atividade física entre estudantes de regiões vulneráveis é explicada por mudanças por meio de variáveis em diferentes níveis do modelo socioecológico, incluindo apoio social de amigos e professores e atitude em relação à atividade física. Estes resultados devem ser considerados nas políticas públicas.

Se necesitan esfuerzos para comprender mejor cuáles son las opciones efectivas para optimizar el éxito en las intervenciones de actividad física escolares. Este estudio investigó los mediadores de una intervención escolar en la práctica de actividad física entre estudiantes brasileños. El programa Fortaleça sua Saúde [Fortalece tu Salud] inscribió a 1.085 estudiantes (11-18 años) a lo largo de un semestre. Esta intervención multicomponente incluyó la capacitación docente, la oferta de oportunidades de actividad física y la educación en salud. Se evaluaron la actividad física de moderada a vigorosa autoinformada y los potenciales mediadores (actitud, autoeficacia, apoyo social, entorno residencial percibido e instalaciones de actividad física en la escuela). Se realizó el análisis del producto del coeficiente. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 1.085 estudiantes (51,5% niños). El efecto total de la intervención fue de 0,706 (IC95%: 0,276; 1,136). En total, el 40% del efecto de la intervención sobre actividad física de moderada a vigorosa se explicó por la actitud de los participantes con relación a la actividad física y el apoyo social de amigos y profesores. El apoyo social de los amigos fue un mediador significativo solo entre los niños (ab: 0,113, IC95%: 0,027; 0,256) y el apoyo social de los docentes solo entre las niñas (ab: 0,135, IC95%: 0,019; 0,328), lo que indica un efecto indirecto estadísticamente significativo del programa sobre la actividad física de moderada a vigorosa a través de estos mediadores. Una parte relevante del efecto de una intervención multicomponente sobre la actividad física entre estudiantes de regiones vulnerables se explica por cambios a través de variables en diferentes niveles del modelo socioecológico, incluido el apoyo social de amigos y profesores y la actitud con relación a la actividad física. Estos resultados deben tenerse en cuenta en las políticas públicas.

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Abstract This article aims to identify the association of sociodemographic factors and lifestyle behaviours with bullying perpetration and victimization among high school students. The adolescents (n=852) answered a questionnaire about bullying (victims and perpetrators), sociodemographic factors (sex, age, maternal education, and participant's work status), tobacco use, alcohol use, illicit drug experimentation, physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration. Multilevel logistic regression models were performed. Older adolescents were less likely to be victims of bullying. Females were less likely to be perpetrators or victims of bullying. Adolescents who were working were more likely to be involved in bullying in both forms. Participation in non-sport activities and alcohol consumption were associated with higher odds of bullying victimization. We have identified specific populational subgroups that are more susceptible to being victims and/or perpetrators of bullying, which could support tailor-specific interventions to prevent bullying.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é identificar a associação de fatores sociodemográficos e comportamentos de estilo de vida com a perpetração do bullying e da vitimização entre os alunos do ensino médio. Os adolescentes (n=852) responderam a um questionário sobre bullying (vítimas e perpetradores), fatores sociodemográficos (sexo, idade, educação materna e status profissional dos participantes), uso de tabaco, uso de álcool, experimentação de drogas ilícitas, atividade física, tempo de tela e duração do sono. Modelos de regressão logística multinível foram realizados. Os adolescentes mais velhos eram menos propensos a serem vítimas de bullying. As mulheres tinham menos probabilidade de serem perpetradoras ou vítimas de bullying. Os adolescentes que estavam trabalhando tinham maior probabilidade de estarem envolvidos em bullying em ambas as formas. A participação em atividades não esportivas e o consumo de álcool estavam associados a maiores probabilidades de vitimização por bullying. Identificamos subgrupos populacionais específicos que são mais suscetíveis a serem vítimas e/ou perpetradores de bullying, o que poderia apoiar intervenções específicas sob medida para evitar o bullying.

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This study is an investigation of the associations of time spent in different screen time activities with bullying among Brazilian adolescents. In this cross-sectional study, adolescents answered questions related to bullying in the past 30 days and reported the weekly volume of screen time spent studying, working, watching videos, playing video games, and using social media applications. Multilevel logistic regression models were used. Our results indicate that higher social media use was associated with higher odds of bullying victimization among males but not females. Excessive use of screen time for work and social media purposes was associated with a higher likelihood of bullying victimization.

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This study aimed to examine the association between clusters of physical activity (PA), diet, and television viewing (TV) with weight status among a representative sample of Brazilian students. Data from the National Health School-based Survey (PeNSE) 2015 were analyzed (n = 16,521; mean age 14.8, standard deviation 0.03 year). PA (minutes/week spent in leisure-time, and commuting to/from school), TV (hours/day), and weekly consumption of deep-fried empanadas, candies, sodas, ultra-processed foods, fast foods, green salads or vegetables, and fruits were self-reported on the validated PeNSE questionnaire. Latent class analysis defined behavior classes, and binary logistic regression assessed the association between clustering and weight status. Six classes' types with positive and negative behaviors were identified. Adolescents belonging to the "low TV time and high healthy diet" class had higher chances of being overweight (including obesity) compared to their peers in the "moderate PA and mixed diet" class. No associations were found in the other clusters. Mixed classes with healthy and unhealthy behaviors characterized adolescents' lifestyles and these profiles were related to weight status.

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Objectives: Little is known about the association between specific types of screen time and adolescents' substance use. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the associations between screen time for studying, working, watching movies, playing games, and using social media and frequency of alcohol and tobacco use. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, Brazilian adolescents answered survey questions related to frequency of tobacco and alcohol consumption, and reported their daily volume of five types of screen time. Multilevel ordered logistic regression models were performed. Results: Each 1-hour increase in ST for studying was associated with 26% lower odds of smoking (OR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.61-0.90) and 17% lower odds of drinking alcohol (OR = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.76-0.91) in the past 30 days. The increase of 1 hour of social media use was associated with 10% greater odds of smoking (OR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.02-1.18) and a 13% greater chance of consuming alcohol (OR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.08-1.18) in the past 30 days. Conclusion: The association between screen time and substance use appears to be type-specific. Future longitudinal research is needed to explore causal relationships.

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Abstract This study aimed to examine the association between clusters of physical activity (PA), diet, and television viewing (TV) with weight status among a representative sample of Brazilian students. Data from the National Health School-based Survey (PeNSE) 2015 were analyzed (n = 16,521; mean age 14.8, standard deviation 0.03 year). PA (minutes/week spent in leisure-time, and commuting to/from school), TV (hours/day), and weekly consumption of deep-fried empanadas, candies, sodas, ultra-processed foods, fast foods, green salads or vegetables, and fruits were self-reported on the validated PeNSE questionnaire. Latent class analysis defined behavior classes, and binary logistic regression assessed the association between clustering and weight status. Six classes' types with positive and negative behaviors were identified. Adolescents belonging to the "low TV time and high healthy diet" class had higher chances of being overweight (including obesity) compared to their peers in the "moderate PA and mixed diet" class. No associations were found in the other clusters. Mixed classes with healthy and unhealthy behaviors characterized adolescents' lifestyles and these profiles were related to weight status.

Resumo O estudo objetivou examinar a associação entre agrupamentos de atividade física (AF), dieta e tempo de televisão (TV) com o status do peso em uma amostra representativa de estudantes brasileiros. Foram analisados ​​dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE) 2015 (n = 16.521; idade média 14,8, desvio padrão de 0,03 ano). AF (minutos/semana no lazer e deslocamento para/da escola), assistir televisão (TV) (horas/dia), consumo semanal de doces, refrigerantes, alimentos ultraprocessados/fast-foods, saladas/vegetais e frutas foram coletadas por questionário validado. Análise de classes latentes definiu os perfis de comportamento e a regressão logística binária a associação entre agrupamento e status de peso. Foram identificadas seis classes com comportamentos positivos e negativos. Adolescentes pertencentes à classe "baixo tempo de TV e alta alimentação saudável" apresentaram maior probabilidade de ter sobrepeso/obesidade em comparação com seus pares na classe "AF moderada e dieta mista". Não foram encontradas associações nos outros perfis. Classes com comportamentos saudáveis ​​e não saudáveis ​​caracterizaram o estilo de vida dos adolescentes e estiveram relacionadas com o status de peso.

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BACKGROUND: Physical education (PE) classes in schools are considered relevant to implement interventions, especially focused on physical activity. However, evidence overviews on how PE classes contribute to general health (physical, social, affective, and cognitive domains) are still needed. Thus, we summarized evidence synthesis (eg, systematic reviews) that addressed the contribution of PE classes to the health of school-aged children and adolescents. METHODS: We performed a scoping review with searches in 8 databases and institutional websites to find systematic reviews or meta-analyses that answered this review's research question. Data charting form included the identification of the study, health outcomes, and PE classes' strategies (policies and environment, curriculum, appropriate instructions, and evaluation). An interactive process was performed to build the evidence summary. RESULTS: An initial search yielded 2264 titles, and 49 systematic reviews (including 11 with meta-analysis) were included in this review. Most documents reported the main benefits of PE classes on physical domain outcomes (eg, physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, body mass index, and fundamental motor skills). However, evidence on the benefits of PE classes in affective (eg, enjoyment, motivation, and autonomy); social (eg, cooperation, problem-solving, and making friends); and cognitive (eg, memory, attention, concentration, and decision making) domains were found. Strategies on PE classes for health benefits were highlighted. CONCLUSIONS: These elements were detailed in the evidence summary, which may be considered to guide researchers, teachers, and practitioners to define research and practice priorities on PE class interventions for health in the school context.

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In 2018, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched a Global Action Plan on Physical Activity (PA), which included 20 policy actions for creating active societies, environments, people and systems. The objective of this scoping review was to summarize the themes/contents of national PA policies/plans conforming to the WHO's proposals and the country's economy. This review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for scoping reviews. A systematic search of electronic databases (Web of Science, Medline/PubMed, LILACS, PsycINFO, Scopus and SPORTDiscus) and 441 government documents/websites from 215 countries/territories was conducted (February 2021). Documents on national-level policies, published in English, Spanish and Portuguese since 2000, were eligible. The information on content and structure was systematically extracted and summarized into dimensions proposed by the WHO: active societies, environments, people and systems. The search identified 888 article references and 586 potentially relevant documents. After the screening, 84 policy documents from 64 countries were eligible. Most documents (n = 46) provided detailed PA policies/plans amid other health topics (e.g. non-communicable diseases, named 'general documents'), and 38 were PA-specific. The content analysis merged 54 visions, 65 missions, 108 principles, 119 objectives, 53 priorities, 105 targets, 126 indicators and 1780 actions/strategies from 38 PA-specific and 46 general documents. Among the PA-specific documents, the active system's dimension was the most contemplated in the principles (n = 43), priorities (n = 51) and action/strategies (n = 530) elements. At the same time, the objectives (n = 39), targets (n = 52) and indicators (n = 58) presented contents more frequently related to the active people dimension. For the general documents, all principles (n = 4), objectives (n = 14) and priorities (n = 7) were related to the dimension of active people, while target (n = 51), indicator (n = 53) and actions/strategies (n = 292) elements presented content related to all dimensions. The increase in countries with national PA policies/plans should be followed by improving the current ones because important dimensions seem to be not considered in these documents. This will facilitate a global PA agenda that considers the complexity and multidimensionality of PA promotion.

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The aims of the study were to verify the effect of an intervention on the stage of behavior change for TV viewing and to identify the possible mediating role of knowledge on screen time guidelines among Brazilian students. This study is a multicomponent school-based intervention conducted with 727 students (54.3% female, 13 years; 427 in the intervention group and 300 in the control group). The intervention was performed in 2017 with baseline and post-intervention assessments (over one academic year). Teacher training was carried out at the beginning of the intervention along with en-vironmental improvements, while educational curriculum such as the delivery of folders and posters were performed throughout the year. The stages of behavior change for TV viewing and knowledge of screen time guidelines were measured by a self-reported questionnaire and the structural equation modeling approach was performed. The intervention had no significant effects on stages of behavior change for TV (p = 0.744) nor did it result in significant changes on knowledge of screen time guide-lines (p = 0.741). While there was no mediation between knowledge of screen time guidelines and the effect of the intervention on stages of behavior change for TV (95%CI: -0.45;0.63), an associa-tion was found between knowledge of screen time guidelines and stages of behavior change for TV (p<0.001). In conclusion, intervention had no significant effect on the stages of behavior change for TV and no mediating effect was observed. However, enhancing awareness on screen time guidelines may positively impact the adolescent's intention to reduce TV time

Os objetivos do estudo foram verificar o efeito de uma intervenção nos estágios de mudança de comporta-mento para assistir TV e identificar o papel mediador do conhecimento sobre as recomendações de tempo de tela. A intervenção multicomponente, randomizada e controlada obteve a participação de 727 alunos em 2017 (54,3% meninas, 13 anos; 427 no grupo intervenção e 300 no grupo controle). A formação dos pro-fessores foi realizada no início da intervenção juntamente com as melhorias ambientais, enquanto as ações educativas foram realizadas ao longo do ano. Os estágios de mudança de comportamento para assistir TV e o conhecimento sobre as recomendações do tempo de tela foram mensurados por questionário auto reportado, pré e pós-intervenção (um ano letivo). Para análise dos dados foi realizada uma modelagem de equações estru-turais. Não houve efeito da intervenção nos estágios de mudança de comportamento para TV (p = 0,744) e também não houve mudanças significativas no conhecimento dos estudantes sobre as recomendações do tempo de tela (p = 0,741). Embora não tenha havido mediação entre conhecimento das recomendações do tempo de tela e o efeito da intervenção nos estágios de mudança de comportamento para TV (IC95%: -0,45;0,63), foi encontrada associação entre o conhecimento das recomendações e os estágios de mudança de comportamento para TV (p < 0,001). Conclui-se que a intervenção não teve efeito significativo nos estágios de mudança de comportamento para TV e efeito mediador. No entanto, aumentar a conscientização sobre as recomendações de tempo de tela pode impactar positivamente na intenção do adolescente de reduzir o tempo de TV

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Identifying the clustering and correlates of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) is very important for developing appropriate lifestyle interventions for children and adolescents. This systematic review (Prospero CRD42018094826) aimed to identify PA and SB cluster patterns and their correlates among boys and girls (0-19 years). The search was carried out in five electronic databases. Cluster characteristics were extracted in accordance with authors' descriptions by two independent reviewers and a third resolved any disagreements. Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria and the population age ranged from six to 18 years old. Nine, twelve, and ten cluster types were identified for mixed-sex samples, boys, and girls, respectively. While girls were in clusters characterized by "Low PA Low SB" and "Low PA High SB", the majority of boys were in clusters defined by "High PA High SB" and "High PA Low SB". Few associations were found between sociodemographic variables and all cluster types. Boys and girls in "High PA High SB" clusters had higher BMI and obesity in most of the tested associations. In contrast, those in the "High PA Low SB" clusters presented lower BMI, waist circumference, and overweight and obesity. Different cluster patterns of PA and SB were observed in boys and girls. However, in both sexes, a better adiposity profile was found among children and adolescents in "High PA Low SB" clusters. Our results suggest that it is not enough to increase PA to manage the adiposity correlates, it is also necessary to reduce SB in this population.

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PURPOSE: This study analyzed day-to-day estimates of bidirectional associations between sleep parameters and intensity-specific physical activity and assessed whether the timing of physical activity influences these relationships. METHODS: The sample was comprised of 651 high school students (51.2% female, 16.33 [1.0] y old) from southern Brazil. Physical activity and sleep were measured using accelerometers. Multilevel models were applied to test associations of nocturnal total sleep time, onset, and efficiency with moderate to vigorous and light (LPA) physical activity. RESULTS: Higher engagement in moderate to vigorous physical activity and LPA was associated with increased total sleep time, and this effect was greater when physical activity was performed in the morning. Morning and evening LPA were associated with increased sleep efficiency and reduced total sleep time, respectively. Practice of LPA in the morning leads to early sleep onset, whereas evening LPA was associated with later onset. Higher total sleep time and later sleep onset were associated with lower moderate to vigorous physical activity and LPA on the following day. However, higher sleep efficiency was associated with increased LPA. CONCLUSION: The relationship between sleep parameters and physical activity is bidirectional and dependent on physical activity intensity and timing.

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abstract This study aimed (1) to verify the relationship between the JIF, Eigenfactor, Citescore and SJR metrics of Physical Education journals throughout Qualis 2013-2016; and (2) to analyze their associations with the field-concerned Web-Qualis grades (based on the 2013-2016 quadrennium criteria). WebQualis grades, which refers to 2015-2018 data, were acquired by accessing officially available data. The scientometrics Journal Impact Factor (JIF), Citescore, Eigenfactor, and Scimago Journal Rank (SJR) for the years 2013 to 2016 and 2018 were extracted from official Clarivate Analytics and Elsevier sources. Approximately half of Physical Education journals included in the 2018 WebQualis database were indexed in Web of Science Collection and Scopus databases. The main results demonstrated high and stable appeared bivariate correlations between all scientometrics from 2013 to 2016. Both JIF, Eigenfactor, Citescore and SJR were associated with WebQualis grades. However, better adjustment of parameters was observed in the model that included SJR as the WebQualis predictor. The field normalized SJR appeared to better predict the WebQualis defined by the 2013-2016 Qualis criteria, which includes the adherence indicator. If researchers consider that distinct research areas are not equally weighted and require specific evaluation, as the authors suggest, use the normalized metrics to classify journals in Brazilian scenarium.

resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a relação entre as métricas JIF, Eigenfactor, Citescore e SJR de periódicos de Educação Física ao longo do Qualis 2013-2016; e (2) analisar suas associações com as classificações do Web-Qualis (critério de classificação do quadriênio 2013-2016). As classificações do WebQualis, referentes aos dados de 2015-2018, foram adquiridas acessando fontes de dados oficiais. As métricas Journal Impact Factor (JIF), Citescore, Eigenfactor e Scimago Journal Rank (SJR) para os anos de 2013 a 2016 e 2018 foram extraídas de fontes oficiais da Clarivate Analytics e Elsevier. Aproximadamente metade dos periódicos de Educação Física incluídos no banco de dados WebQualis de 2018 foram indexados nos bancos de dados Web of Science Collection e Scopus. Os principais resultados demonstram altas e estáveis correlações bivariadas entre todas as métricas ​​de 2013 a 2016. Ambos o JIF, o Eigenfactor, o Citigenore e o SJR foram associados à classificação do WebQualis. No entanto, melhores parâmetros de ajuste foram observados no modelo que incluiu a SJR como preditor do WebQualis. O SJR normalizado por área pareceu melhor predizer o WebQualis definido pelo critério Qualis de 2013 de 2016, que inclui o indicador de aderência. Se os pesquisadores considerarem que áreas distintas de pesquisa não são igualmente ponderadas e requerem avaliação específica, como sugestão dos autores, a utilização das métricas normalizadas para classificar os periódicos no cenário brasileiro.

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Only a small proportion of Brazilian adolescents practice sufficient physical activity (PA). However, it is not clear whether this proportion has been decreasing over time. This study aimed to examine the 10-year trends of sufficient PA in adolescents and to investigate differences by sex and age. Using a standard protocol, we compared two cross-sectional cohorts of adolescents aged 15 to 18 years, recruited in 2007 (n = 1040) and in 2017/18 (n = 978). Using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), the adolescents reported moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) performed in the last seven days. Sufficient PA was defined as engaging in at least 60 min/day of MVPA. In the subgroups, investigated by sex or age, there was an increase in the prevalence of sufficient PA. Overall, sufficient PA declined by 28.1% from 2007 to 2017/18. Boys in 2007 were more active than their 2017/18 peers, and this was equally observed in girls in 2007 compared to those in 2017/18. The findings show decreasing secular trends in sufficient PA in the investigated adolescents. Not only are public health authorities in Brazil witnessing an escalation of insufficient PA, but they are also losing ground with the most active adolescents.

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Objective: This study analyzed the association of high blood pressure (HBP) with physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sedentary breaks in 2-year follow-up. Methods: A sample of 331 middle-aged and older adults (mean age of 59.6 ± 17.3 years) was randomly selected and assessed at baseline and after 2 years of follow-up. HBP was considered as ≥140/90 mmHg values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sedentary breaks were assessed by questionnaire. Age, sex, socioeconomic status, and body mass index were covariates. Results: Continuous HBP was observed in 26.3% of sample between baseline and follow-up. Adults who reported continuously high sedentary breaks at leisure activities were less likely to have HBP (OR = 0.34, p = 0.011), as well as those who remained high physically active (OR = 0.41, p = 0.016), even after mutual adjustment. No association was observed between high sedentary behavior and HBP at follow-up. Conclusion: Community dwelling adults who were high active and performed frequent sedentary breaks were less likely to have HBP in 2-year follow-up. Strategies for HBP control should considered both physical activities and leisure sedentary breaks in adult population.

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This research aims to summarize the process and results of the 2022 Report Card on Physical Activity for Brazilian children and adolescents. A group of experts led by 10 PhD researchers gathered the best possible evidence on physical activity indicators. The Report Card Brazil 2022 included the top 10 indicators of physical activity and sleep, obesity, and poor mental health variables, which made up four dimensions: (I) Daily Behaviors; (II) Settings and Sources of Influence; (III) Government Strategies and Investments; and (IV) Health Outcomes. Comprehensive searches, including peer-reviewed and gray literature searches, were performed for each indicator. Data were considered from systematic reviews, local and national surveys, websites, and official information from the Brazilian Federal Government. Grades from the indicators ranged from F (Active Play) to B (School). In addition, the results found for each indicator were Overall Physical Activity (D), Organized Sport Participation (C-), Active Transportation (C), Sedentary Behaviors (D), Sleep (C), Family and Peers (C-), Community and Environment (C), Government (D+), Physical Fitness (D+), Obesity (11.7%), and Poor Mental Health (37.8%). Successfully strategies for increasing physical activity among Brazilian children and adolescents should look at the different indicators presented in this report.

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OBJECTIVE: To examine the socioeconomic indicators associated with engagement in physical activity (PA) in the leisure-time, transportation, domestic and occupational domains, in Brazilian adults. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with secondary data from the National Health Survey (PNS), conducted in 2019. The factors associated with engagement in PA were analyzed using logistic regression. RESULTS: The study involved 88,500 Brazilian adults with mean age of 45 ± 17.5 years old. Longer working hours [odds ratio (OR) = 0.74; 95%CI 0.66;0.82; > 40h vs. ≥ 20h] and female sex (OR = 0.67; 95%CI 0.63;0.71) were associated with lower chances of engaging in leisure-time PA. Higher income (OR = 3.20; 95%CI 2.79;3.67; > 5 vs. ≥ minimum wage) and education level (OR = 3.01; 95%CI 2.74;3.32 - complete higher education vs. incomplete elementary school) were positively associated with leisure-time PA. CONCLUSION: Socioeconomic correlates were strongly related to engagement in PA in Brazilian adults, suggesting a pattern of inequity marked by the need for survival, which is socially reproduced.

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INTRODUCTION: This study examined the association between simultaneity of four health-risk behaviours, namely, low levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (insufficient MVPA: <420 min/week), tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and excessive television (TV)-(>2 h/d of TV viewing) and self-rated health (SRH) in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS: We used data of 100,551 adolescents from the National School Health Survey, a national cross-sectional study carried out in 2015. Association between simultaneity of health risk behaviours (i.e. the ratio between observed and expected prevalence rates) and SRH was examined using logistic regression models. RESULTS: The majority of the participants were female (51.9%) and 14 years of age (50.6%), and 26% of the participants' SRH ranged from 'average' to 'extremely poor'. Those who engaged in the following combinations of health-risk behaviours had higher odds of worse SRH than their healthier counterparts: insufficient MVPA and tobacco use (odds ratio-OR: 2.0, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4 to 3.0); insufficient MVPA and alcohol consumption (OR: 1.6, 95%CI: 1.3 to 1.9); insufficient MVPA and >2 h/day of TV viewing (OR: 1.3, 95%CI: 1.1 to 1.6); insufficient MVPA, tobacco use and alcohol consumption (OR: 2.1, 95%CI: 1.7, to 2.7); and insufficient MVPA, alcohol consumption and >2 h/day of TV viewing (OR: 1.6, 95%CI: 1.4 to 2.0). CONCLUSIONS: Insufficient MVPA, alcohol consumption, and other health-risk behaviours were associated with worse SRH in Brazilian adolescents.

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This article aims to compare the prevalence of active commuting to work in adults in the Southern region of Brazil between 2006 and 2016 according to sociodemographic and labor characteristics. The data from the Brazilian System for the Surveillance of Risk and Protection Factors for Chronic Diseases - VIGITEL were compared in 2006 and 2016 (≥18 years). Active commuting to work, sex, age group, education and job characteristics were collected by telephone survey and transportation in the cities of Florianópolis, Curitiba and Porto Alegre, using absolute and relative frequencies with their respective 95% confidence intervals. Active commuting increased significantly in 2016 compared to 2006. Florianópolis had the highest prevalence in the two years analyzed. In all capitals, there was a significant increase in the prevalence of the outcome, mainly for women, with secondary education and only in Florianópolis for men, with low schooling. The prevalence has also increased for job characteristics in all capitals. Active commuting to work increased significantly among adults living in southern Brazil, with emphasis on Florianópolis. Expanding interventions in this context is a necessity in Brazil.

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In this study, we evaluated socioeconomic inequalities in the consumption of in natura/minimally processed and ultra-processed foods among adolescents. We used data from the Brazilian National Survey of School Health (PeNSE), 2015. According to the self-reported consumption of beans, vegetables and fruits, a score of in natura/minimally processed foods was generated (0-21 points). Sodas, sweets, instant noodles, and ultra-processed meat were used for the score of ultra-processed foods (0-21 points). Equality indicators were gender, maternal education, and socioeconomic level. Absolute difference, ratios, concentration index and slope index of inequality were calculated. Adolescents (n=101,689, 51% girls, 14.2 years) reported a mean score of 9.97 and 11.46 for ultra-processed foods and in natura/minimally processed foods, respectively. Absolute and relative differences between adolescents with the highest and lowest socioeconomic level, there were differences of 2.64 points and 33% for consumption of in natura/minimally processed foods; and 1.48 points and 15% for ultra-processed foods. Adolescents from higher socioeconomic level ate more in natura/minimally processed foods and ultra-processed foods.

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