RESUMEN
Never before in history, aging was such a significant factor for epidemics as it is now for the current COVID-19 pandemic, which features a drastic shift of mortality towards older ages. Our analysis of data on COVID-19-related mortality in Spain, Italy, and Sweden has shown that, in the range of 30 to 90 years of age, each dependency of the logarithm of mortality upon age is linear, and all regression lines are strictly parallel to those related to the total mortality in accordance with the Gompertz law. In all cases, irrespective of the stage and place of epidemic, mortality doubling time in this age range is close to 7,5 years. The rates of being infected with the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and of being diagnosed due to the symptomatic manifestations of the infection are dependent on age to a far lesser degree. With account for these observations, three messages are put forth: 1) Older persons are the principal victims of both SARS-CoV-2 and measures undertaken to control its spread; 2) Older persons are not the principal driving force of SARS-CoV-2 spread; 3) Older persons can and should be engaged in combating the pandemic and its consequences; however, not via selective social distancing and other discriminative measures. People aged over 65 years constitute a significant part of the current population. They have specific interests and needs, which deserve no less respect than those of any other age group. This includes the right for the quality of life that remains sustained under the emergency conditions. Since the prospects for controlling the SARS-CoV-2 are dubious, those in charge of decisions concerning «people aged above 65¼ should mind that currently, unlike in the medieval ages, 65+ is the individual future of almost everyone.
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento , Infecciones por Coronavirus/epidemiología , Pandemias , Neumonía Viral/epidemiología , Anciano , COVID-19 , Infecciones por Coronavirus/mortalidad , Humanos , Neumonía Viral/mortalidad , Teoría SocialRESUMEN
A ruptured thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm is an urgent situation requiring emergency surgery during which it is necessary to decrease the scope of the intervention in a patient at an extremely high surgical risk. A combination of surgical and endovascular techniques makes it possible to minimize surgical injury, blood loss, to shorten the duration of internal organs ischaemia, to reduce the risk of paraplegia. Presented herein are the results of emergency hybrid intervention for a ruptured thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm, accompanied and followed by description of the technical aspects of performing the surgical and endovascular stages. The early postoperative period was complicated by thrombosis of the left superficial femoral artery on the background of atherosclerotic lesions, which was successfully eliminated by means of endovascular intervention with endovascular prosthetic repair. After 10 months, the patient underwent a cardiosurgical intervention. Combining surgical and endovascular techniques made it possible in an emergency situation to save the patient's life and to provide its good quality in the remote period of follow up (4 years after the hybrid operation).
Asunto(s)
Aneurisma Roto , Aneurisma de la Aorta Torácica , Implantación de Prótesis Vascular , Procedimientos Endovasculares , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Trombosis de la Vena , Aneurisma Roto/complicaciones , Aneurisma Roto/diagnóstico , Aneurisma Roto/fisiopatología , Aneurisma Roto/cirugía , Aneurisma de la Aorta Torácica/diagnóstico , Aneurisma de la Aorta Torácica/fisiopatología , Aneurisma de la Aorta Torácica/cirugía , Aortografía/métodos , Implantación de Prótesis Vascular/efectos adversos , Implantación de Prótesis Vascular/métodos , Procedimientos Endovasculares/efectos adversos , Procedimientos Endovasculares/métodos , Hematoma/diagnóstico , Hematoma/etiología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tomografía Computarizada Multidetector/métodos , Tempo Operativo , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/diagnóstico , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/cirugía , Reoperación/métodos , Ajuste de Riesgo/métodos , Stents , Resultado del Tratamiento , Trombosis de la Vena/diagnóstico , Trombosis de la Vena/etiología , Trombosis de la Vena/cirugíaRESUMEN
A multilevel aneurysmatic lesion of the aorta is a rare pathology. The authors describe herein a clinical case report regarding stage-wise treatment of a patient presenting with aneurysms of the thoracic and abdominal portions of the aorta and a haemodynamically significant lesion of coronary and carotid arteries. Strategy of surgical management was decided upon collegially. Successful endoprosthetic repair of the aneurysm of the thoracic portion of the aorta required closure of the left carotid artery with a graft, which, taking into consideration an existing occlusion of the right internal carotid artery, demanded preliminary carotid-subclavian bypass grafting. The clinical course of progressing angina pectoris (75% stenosis of the anterior descending artery with a poststenotic aneurysm) also increased the risk of the surgical stage. The authors provide a detailed description of the planning procedure, stages, and technical aspects of the operations performed. No complications were encountered. The duration of the follow up period amounted to 15 months. There was regression of the symptomatic manifestations, accompanied and followed by complete thrombosis of the aneurysmatic zones stented. A hybrid approach demonstrated efficacy and safety in staged treatment of complicated combined pathology of the aorta and its branches.
Asunto(s)
Aneurisma de la Aorta Torácica , Enfermedades de las Arterias Carótidas , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria , Procedimientos Endovasculares/métodos , Injerto Vascular/métodos , Anciano , Aorta/diagnóstico por imagen , Aorta/cirugía , Aneurisma de la Aorta Torácica/complicaciones , Aneurisma de la Aorta Torácica/diagnóstico , Aneurisma de la Aorta Torácica/fisiopatología , Aneurisma de la Aorta Torácica/cirugía , Arterias Carótidas/diagnóstico por imagen , Arterias Carótidas/cirugía , Enfermedades de las Arterias Carótidas/complicaciones , Enfermedades de las Arterias Carótidas/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de las Arterias Carótidas/cirugía , Angiografía por Tomografía Computarizada/métodos , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/complicaciones , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/cirugía , Vasos Coronarios/diagnóstico por imagen , Vasos Coronarios/cirugía , Humanos , Masculino , Ajuste de Riesgo , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
This review article is devoted to the distinctive aspects of population aging in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The demographic parameters of aging are analyzed, as well as their implications for various spheres of Kazakhstan society, such as health care, social security and social services.
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento , Transición de la Salud , Atención a la Salud , Humanos , Kazajstán , Dinámica Poblacional , Bienestar Social , Servicio SocialRESUMEN
This article consists of the concluding sections of the review devoted to the issues of population aging in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The presented material is intended to substantiate strategic approaches for addressing the evolving process of population aging in Kazakhstan.
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento , Atención a la Salud , Transición de la Salud , Política Pública , Humanos , KazajstánRESUMEN
This review article is devoted to the issues of international cooperation on ageing. It aims at describing the basic areas of cooperation and introducing its major players. Within the limited length of a journal article it is hardly possible to offer an exhaustive presentation of all available information; thus the article strives to provide a general orientation within the selected themes. The authors are hopeful that the presented materials will be of interest to the policy oriented researchers, policy makers and professionals working in the field of ageing and related areas such as social security, health and social services etc., as well as to the activists of non-governmental organizations.
Asunto(s)
Práctica Clínica Basada en la Evidencia/organización & administración , Servicios de Salud para Ancianos , Cooperación Internacional , Anciano , Envejecimiento , Predicción , Servicios de Salud para Ancianos/normas , Servicios de Salud para Ancianos/tendencias , Disparidades en el Estado de Salud , Humanos , Investigación/tendencias , Agencias Voluntarias de SaludRESUMEN
In this article the information on policy action on aging in the CIS countries and Georgia (CIS+) are presented and discussed. The process of implementation of the Madrid International Plan of Action on Aging (MIPAA) from 2002 through 2012 is chosen as a framework for analyzing the government policy on ageing. The article begins with a concise overview of the demographic situation in the CIS+ countries, which belong to various stages of demographic transition. In its concluding part, the article presents the policy goals for implementing MIPAA during its third implementation cycle (2013-2017).
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento , Servicios de Salud para Ancianos , Programas Médicos Regionales , Regulación Gubernamental , Implementación de Plan de Salud , Directrices para la Planificación en Salud , Servicios de Salud para Ancianos/normas , Servicios de Salud para Ancianos/tendencias , Humanos , Cooperación Internacional , Dinámica Poblacional/tendencias , Programas Médicos Regionales/legislación & jurisprudencia , Programas Médicos Regionales/tendencias , Federación de Rusia , EspañaRESUMEN
There are cases of development of a convulsive syndrome at influence of electromagnetic field (EMF) in physiotherapy practice, and in conditions of a professional work. There is a point of view that EMF can render medical effect at treatment of a epilepsy syndrome. Some publications specify on develop of epilepsy convulsions in experiment at EMF of various frequencies exposure. Four conditions which can promote development of convulsions at EMF exposure are considered.
Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/efectos de la radiación , Campos Electromagnéticos/efectos adversos , Magnetoterapia/efectos adversos , Convulsiones/etiología , Animales , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Teléfono Celular , Humanos , Exposición Profesional , Convulsiones/fisiopatología , SíndromeRESUMEN
The methods of molecular systematics currently used in the classification and identification of bifidobacteria are reviewed. The sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and some other genes considered to be phylogenetic markers is a universal and effective approach to taxonomic characterization of members of the genus Bifidobacterium and to reliable identification of new isolates. Various techniques of obtaining DNA fingerprints (PFGE, RAPD, rep-PCR) are widely used for solving particular problems in identifying bifidobacteria. Bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium are important organisms in biotechnology and medicine. The research into molecular systematics of bifidobacteria provides a basis not only for the solution of taxonomic problems, but also for monitoring of individual species in the environment and for more detailed study of the genetics and ecology of this group of microorganisms.
Asunto(s)
Bifidobacterium/clasificación , Bifidobacterium/aislamiento & purificación , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana/métodos , Bifidobacterium/genética , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Electroforesis en Gel de Campo Pulsado , Secuencias Repetitivas Esparcidas , Filogenia , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Probióticos/clasificación , Probióticos/aislamiento & purificación , ARN Bacteriano/genética , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Técnica del ADN Polimorfo Amplificado AleatorioRESUMEN
This article discusses the role of gerontological science in the implementation of the Madrid International Plan of Action on Aging. It contains the review of the Madrid Plan of Action (MPA), its aims, the process of its development and adoption, as well as basic problems arising in the process of its implementation. Also this article describes the contribution of Russian gerontological science to the implementation of the MPA.
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento/fisiología , Investigación Biomédica/tendencias , Planificación en Salud/métodos , Cooperación Internacional , Anciano , Humanos , EspañaRESUMEN
The article focuses on the role gerontological science is supposed to play in the implementation of the Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing. Its purpose, structure, the process of development and concordance, as well as problems arising in the course of its realization are discussed by the authors. The contribution of the Russian gerontological science in the realization of the Madrid Plan of Action is debated.
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento , Investigación Biomédica , Geriatría , Implementación de Plan de Salud , Servicios de Salud para Ancianos , Cooperación Internacional , Congresos como Asunto , Demografía , Implementación de Plan de Salud/métodos , Implementación de Plan de Salud/organización & administración , Servicios de Salud para Ancianos/normas , Servicios de Salud para Ancianos/tendencias , EspañaRESUMEN
The experiments on rats have shown that the effect of millimeter range electromagnetic radiation on the bioelectric brain activity is dependent on the initial functional state of central nervous system. Microwaves are able to cause a nonspecific electroencephalographic reaction of synchronization and probably the lower the bioelectric brain process dynamics of active rats. Enrichment of electrocorticograms with high-frequency rhythms and increase in degree of bioelectric brain dynamics can be observed in narcosis conditions. The appearance of biological resonance in the brain of narcotized rats preliminary injected aminazin by pulse-modulated microwaves is noted. This is expressed as epileptiform convulsive activity in electrocorticogram. It has been shown that the nonlinear dynamics method may provide a reliable characterization of changing bioelectric brain activity under of nonionized electromagnetic fields. It is possible to modulate the bioelectric brain activity by microwaves to change the functional state of central nervous system and probably of the whole organism.
Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/efectos de la radiación , Campos Electromagnéticos , Microondas , Ritmo alfa , Anestesia , Animales , Ritmo beta , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Encéfalo/fisiología , Clorpromazina/farmacología , Sincronización Cortical , Antagonistas de Dopamina/farmacología , Electroencefalografía , Radiación no Ionizante , Ratas , Convulsiones/etiología , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The integration of a low cost, compact sized spectrometer with the Risø reader is described. The luminescence light emitted by the sample is transmitted by an optical fibre onto a fixed entrance slit of a spectrograph. The light is measured with a high sensitivity 2048-element CCD-linear array detector (Avantes PC2000) sensitive in the UV-VIS region. The CCD array has a low readout noise and a photon sensitivity of 86 photons per count. Examples are given of both thermally and optically stimulated 3-D spectra showing the luminescence spectra as a function of temperature and time respectively. Spectra from CaF2:Tm (TLD-300) chips could be distinguished from the background (2 SD) at a 0.7 Gy dose level.
Asunto(s)
Mediciones Luminiscentes , Modelos Teóricos , Análisis Espectral/métodos , Termodinámica , Dosimetría Termoluminiscente/instrumentación , Dosimetría Termoluminiscente/métodosRESUMEN
Strychnine and microwave radiation produced changes in spectral parameters of electrocorticogram, correlation dimension, and Kolmogorov entropy, parameters calculated by the methods of nonlinear dynamics opposite to those induced by urethane. The modulatory effect of microwaves on bioelectric cerebral activity in narcotized animals was similar to the effect of strychnine and probably related to enhanced excitability of brain structures and complication of bioelectric processes.
Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/fisiología , Encéfalo/efectos de la radiación , Convulsivantes/farmacología , Microondas , Estricnina/farmacología , Animales , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Electrofisiología , RatasRESUMEN
The widespread impact made by technology has raised concerns about the safety of human exposure to electromagnetic radiation in the environment. The brain is especially sensitive to the influence of microwaves. The most effective method for estimation of the organism's functional states is an analysis of electroencephalograms. The statistical and spectral methods are usually used for analysis of animal electrocorticograms. The information obtained in such way is the integrated character and it is sometimes insufficient for identification of the brain state charging caused by various factors, especially microwaves altering the ecological situation. The nonlinear dynamics method is used in our work concurrent with the spectral correlation method for animal electrocorticogram processing. The correlation dimensionality represents a numerical criterion allowing for comparative investigation of various dynamic states of the system. In the process of investigation, it has been found that the nonlinear dynamics method may be used to analyze the electrocorticograms of experimental animal in different functional states being confirmed by increasing parameter of the correlation dimensionality in electrocorticograms of animal irradiated by microwaves or subjected to the introduction of strychnine.
Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Encéfalo/efectos de la radiación , Electroencefalografía/efectos de los fármacos , Electroencefalografía/efectos de la radiación , Microondas , Estricnina/farmacología , Algoritmos , Animales , Encéfalo/fisiología , Análisis de Fourier , Dinámicas no Lineales , RatasRESUMEN
The bone marrow content, proliferative potential and proliferative activity of precursor cells for stromal fibroblast colony forming cells (CFC-F) were investigated in young and old CBA mice. The relationship between CFC-F and the number of bone marrow nucleated cells and granulocytic-macrophagal precursors (GM-CFC) was studied as well. The results obtained showed increased CFC-F contents in old animals. The proliferative potential of old mice CFC-F did not appear to differ from that of young animals. The proliferative activity of bone marrow CFC-F and hemopoietic stem cells--spleen colony forming cells (CFC-S) was studied by determining the sensitivity to hydroxyurea administration. The responses were almost the same in young and old mice. A direct correlation between CFC-F and nucleated cells and GM-CFC precursors was found in young mice, but not in the old animals. The results of the present study have pointed to the reorganisation of the stromal tissue microenvironment in bone marrow in old age.
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento/patología , Médula Ósea/análisis , Animales , Médula Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Ensayo de Unidades Formadoras de Colonias , Femenino , Fibroblastos/citología , Hematopoyesis , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/citología , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/efectos de los fármacos , Hidroxiurea/farmacología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos CBARESUMEN
An attempt was made for the first time to determine the prevalence of the early ventricular repolarization syndrome (EVRS) in cardiovascular diseases in order to specify the clinico-electrocardiographic significance of the given electrophysiological phenomenon and its interrelationship with the rate of rhythm and heart conduction disorders. The changes discovered cast doubt on the generally accepted concept of the benign character of the EVRS and orient to the necessity of pharmacological correction in more frequent arrhythmogenic episodes in EVRS carriers suffering from cardiovascular pathology. Some diagnostic methods (electrocardiography, pharmacological tests) have been evaluated and suggested as optimal for diagnosing the EVRS.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/complicaciones , Síndromes de Preexcitación/epidemiología , Factores de Edad , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Electrocardiografía , Humanos , Síndromes de Preexcitación/diagnóstico , Síndromes de Preexcitación/etiología , Prevalencia , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
Femurs from both young and old mice were implanted subcutaneously to young syngeneic recipients. 2-2.5 months after surgery femoral marrow grafts were repopulated with nucleated cells and macrophage-granulocyte precursor cells irrespective of the donor's age. Marrow depletion of femurs prior to implantation caused a sharp decrease in hemopoietic repopulation of implants from old, but not young, donors. It is concluded that age-dependent functional peculiarities of stromal microenvironment can be visualized owing to the extraordinary local regenerative demand.