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The effects of low-energy He-Ne laser (lightguide emission dose power 1.2-1.5 nw) on the morphologic and functional parameters of formed elements of the blood were experimentally studied with the use of the Technicon H-1 hematologic system. 1-300 sec He-Ne laser exposure had no noticeable effect on the traditional hemogram parameters, this fact evidencing that such an exposure is sparing. Changes in the number of nontraditional parameters of the erythro-, leuko-, and thrombocytograms, recorded by the Technicon H-1 system, were detected, such as the degree of leukocytic nuclei segmentation, the mean volume of blood cells, myeloperoxidase activity, etc., these changes indicating functional activation of formed elements of the blood under the effect of laser. These results demonstrate high resolving power of the Technicon H-1 system and recommend this system for estimations of the optimal duration of sessions of intravascular laser irradiation of the blood in the body.

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Compounds representing chemically modified derivatives of natural polysaccharides and possessing heparin-like properties have been obtained basing on new methods of sulphatization++ of hydroxyl-containing polymers. The study of the anticoagulation activity of mannan, starch, dextran sulfates permits a suggestion that these compounds realize their anticoagulant potential not through antithrombin-III. A relationship has been established between the properties of semi-synthetic heparinoids and sulfur percentage, molecular mass and the type of polymeric matrix. The investigations conducted have made possible the development of effective thrombosis-preventing drugs and further thorough study of their effects.

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Dynamics of blood coagulation and morphological changes after the intravenous administration of Salmonella typhimurium endotoxin is studied experimentally in Chinchilla rabbits. The stages of blood coagulation are established characteristic for the above syndrome. The signs of the developing blood stasiopathy with the domination of vascular wall damage and thrombocyte aggregation are observed. No considerable consumption of the blood coagulation factors is found. It is concluded that a leading role in the pathogenesis of the endotoxin shock microcirculatory disturbances belongs to the vascular damage and aggregation thrombocytopenia and not to the coagulopathy consumption.

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As many as 45 patients with terminal chronic renal failure (CRF) admitted to the hospital were examined for hemocoagulation and blood plasma content of medium-sized molecules (MSM). Animal (rabbit) experiments were made in vitro and in vivo to study the effect produced on hemocoagulation of MSM isolated from CFR patients' blood by acidic deproteinization, ultrafiltration and gel chromatography. Integrally, the MSM fraction was shown to exert marked anticoagulant and antiaggregation effects, to increase vascular permeability, promoting the development of hemorrhagic diathesis in CRF patients. Hemodialysis (HD) is an effective method for treating hemorrhagic diathesis of the given genesis. At the same time under the conditions of the presence of the cellular template (red blood cell hemolysis, platelet destruction as a result of HD) MSM may give rise to the development of thrombotic complications after HD completion and heparin neutralization. Therefore accumulation of MSM may play an important part in the onset of hemocoagulation disorders in patients with CRF.

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Middle-weight molecules exert a marked anticoagulant effect, inhibit fibrinolysis and promote disaggregation of spontaneously aggregated blood platelets, decrease the degree of ADP-induced aggregation of blood platelets, and raise vascular permeability thus influencing the hemostatic potential of the blood. The types of the activity established are mainly detectable in the dialysed fraction of middle-weight molecules. After purification by means of dialysis the middle-weight molecule fraction promotes the formation of an active prothrombin-transforming complex without Ca++ in the presence of the matrix (tissue thromboplastin). On storage of the conserved donor's blood and plasma there occurs an accumulation of middle-weight molecule substances. This process is of moderate character, being two times more pronounced in the blood than in the plasma.

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The authors studied the influence of adenine and pyridine nucleotides on platelet aggregation and on the time of calcium-induced coagulation of citrate plasma, rich or poor in platelets, with deficiency of membrane fragments and its compensation with exogenous small-dispersed tissue thromboplastin. Calcium ions stimulated the conversion of small-dispersed inactive thromboplastin into a larger and more active substance. The antiaggregation agents AMP and NAD+ inhibited inclusion of phospholipid membrane fragments into the process of recalcified plasma coagulation, i.e. expressed an anticoagulant effect, while the aggregation agents (ADP, NADH) intensified their procoagulant action.

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A scheme of physicochemical determination of fibrinogen and the major molecular derivatives in a single sample of plasma is suggested, available for the majority of clinical laboratories. Such determination gives valuable information for a clinician. Among other things, the level of rapidly thrombin clotted fibrinogen portion is determined, as is the content of high-molecular fibrin monomer complexes, not clotted with thrombin, and the level of fibrinogen and fibrin proteolytic degradation products. Clinical (in 42 patients with various conditions) and experimental (coagulopathy in amniotic fluid embolism) application of this scheme has confirmed its clinico-diagnostic value.

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The time-course of hemocoagulative and morphological changes affected by intravenous administration of amniotic fluids was examined in experiments on Chinchilla rabbits weighing 2.0-2.5 kg. Laboratory studies revealed profound phasic changes in hemocoagulation (hyper- and hypocoagulation) which were typical of the DIC syndrome. At the same time, pronounced hemocirculatory abnormalities were pathomorphologically detected chiefly in the lung; there were also highly moderate phenomena of platelet aggregation and thrombus formation. These findings suggest that the contribution made by the demands of coagulative factors is not so significant in the pathogenesis of microcirculatory abnormalities in amniotic embolism as it is generally accepted today. The paper provides evidence for expediency of performing special investigations to elucidate the real role which the DIC syndrome plays in the pathogenesis of microcirculatory abnormalities in other diseases.

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