RESUMEN
Sequences of the first and second internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 + ITS2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA were employed to determine whether the congeneric assemblages of species of the strongyloid nematode genus Cloacina, found in the forestomachs of individual species of kangaroos and wallabies (Marsupialia: Macropodidae), considered to represent species flocks, were monophyletic. Nematode assemblages examined in the black-striped wallaby, Macropus (Notamacropus) dorsalis, the wallaroos, Macropus (Osphranter) antilopinus/robustus, rock wallabies, Petrogale spp., the quokka, Setonix brachyurus, and the swamp wallaby, Wallabia bicolor, were not monophyletic and appeared to have arisen by host colonization. However, a number of instances of within-host speciation were detected, suggesting that a variety of methods of speciation have contributed to the evolution of the complex assemblages of species present in this genus.
Asunto(s)
Especiación Genética , Macropodidae , Infecciones por Strongylida/veterinaria , Strongyloidea/genética , Animales , ADN de Helmintos/genética , ADN Espaciador Ribosómico/genética , Filogenia , Infecciones por Strongylida/parasitología , Strongyloidea/fisiologíaAsunto(s)
Células de la Médula Ósea/metabolismo , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/patología , Células de Reed-Sternberg/patología , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administración & dosificación , Biopsia con Aguja Fina , Bleomicina/administración & dosificación , Niño , Dacarbazina/administración & dosificación , Doxorrubicina/administración & dosificación , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Vinblastina/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To establish the prevalence of the various subtypes of Von Willebrand's disease (VWD) among patients with bleeding disorders in the Western Cape and to review appropriate treatment strategies. DESIGN: A systematic clinical and laboratory study. SETTING: Haemophilia clinics at two tertiary referral hospitals (Groote Schuur Hospital and Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital) in the Western Cape. PATIENTS: Twenty-two patients (14 females, 8 males; ages 3 - 55 years) were studied. Those studied were selected for reasons of convenience, as they were compliant and regular attenders at the clinics. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: History of a bleeding tendency; bleeding time measurements; factor VIII assays, von Willebrand factor (VWF) antigen assays; ristocetin co-factor assays and VWF multimer analysis. RESULTS: Fourteen patients had typical type I VWD; 2 had type II and 5 had type III variants, and there was 1 unclassifiable variant. Analysis of local factor VIII concentrates showed the presence of high-molecular-weight VWF multimers. CONCLUSION: The results are similar to patterns reported elsewhere in the world. Locally produced factor VIII concentrates, unlike a number of commercially produced concentrates, contain sufficient multimers for use as appropriate replacement therapy.