RESUMEN
Twenty-two normal preterm and 10 full-term infants were studied by cranial computed tomography. The study included correlation of the gestational age and birth weight to the ventricular size, brain size, and the area of the sylvian fissure. The most relevant parameters were the bifrontal diameter, bifrontal index, and the transverse diameter of the brain. The incidence of visualization of the sylvian fissure diminished with gestational age. Density measurements revealed the high cortical sections had a higher average density than the whole brain sections. The parietooccipital region showed an increasing average attenuation during the preterm period until term.
Asunto(s)
Ventrículos Cerebrales/anatomía & histología , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Peso al Nacer , Edad Gestacional , Humanos , Recién NacidoRESUMEN
A group of 10 infants of diabetic mothers, born prematurely by Caesarian section was compared to an age-matched group of premature controls and to full-term newborns. There was no difference between the three groups in terms of lymphocyte populations at birth. The percentage of T-cells in the three groups was significantly lower than in adults but reached adult levels at 1 month of age. The mitogenic responses in infants of diabetic mothers was found significantly higher than in the two control groups at birth and remained so at one month of age. The suppressor T-cell activity was decreased in infants of diabetic mothers as compared with controls.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/inmunología , Recién Nacido , Linfocitos/clasificación , Mitógenos/farmacología , Linfocitos B/inmunología , Pruebas Inmunológicas de Citotoxicidad , Femenino , Sangre Fetal/citología , Humanos , Inmunidad Celular , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Activación de Linfocitos , Linfocitos/inmunología , Embarazo , Formación de Roseta , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Linfocitos T Reguladores/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Studies on tryptophan metabolism in PEM were performed. In this respect, the basal excretion of tryptophan and some of its metabolites, namely, kynurenine, 3 OH-anthranilic, anthramilic, indol-3-acetic, 5 OH-indol acetic and xanthurenic acids were determined. The response of these metabolites to oral tryptophan load, singly and in combination, with pyridoxine, were performed in kwashiorkor cases compared to normal controls. The study revealed that kynurenine leads to niacine pathway is hindered, Indole-3-acetic acid levels are lower and respond poorly to tryptophan loading in PEM. Increased levels of 5 OH-indol acetic were found in kwashiorkor compared to marasmus, although lower response to tryptophan was noted. Xanthurenic acid excretion is much higher in PEM and poorly responds to tryptophan load either singly or in combination with pyridoxine. These errors of tryptophan metabolism in PEM are suggested to be due to defects in the enzyme systems involved rather than to vitamin B6 deficiency.
Asunto(s)
Desnutrición Proteico-Calórica/metabolismo , Triptófano/metabolismo , Preescolar , Humanos , Lactante , Kwashiorkor/metabolismo , MasculinoRESUMEN
Nitrogen balance measurements were carried out on children aged 5 to 30 months. They were fed diets supplemented by PRFMs or by SMA milk powder as the sole source of dietary protein. Sesamena (or SLW-II) was fed to a group of 8 children, Arabeana to another group of 9 and Supramine to a third group of 8 children. The measurements were reported on the same children when they were given SMA milk powder as a reference protein. Therefore, each subject acted as his own control. The technique used was that of Fomon et al(23) with certain modifications. All three mixtures could maintain the children in positive nitrogen balance. Sesamena gave the best mean NPU value (69 +/- 5.9) which is 96% of reference. Supramine gave the highest mean digestibility (87 +/- 6.8) which is 102% of reference. Sesamena proved to be a suitable weaning food satisfying all the standards of PRFMs recommended by the PAG(14,15). It contains a good quality protein, cheap and can be easily prepared at the family level after appropriate education of mothers. This mixture can be also manufactured at the national level.