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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the major influence factors of child neglect among rural areas children aged 3-6 years in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to multi-stage stratified cluster sampling, distribution characteristics and the level of economic development, we randomly sampled 10 provinces, 26 cities (8 capital cities, 16 prefecture-level cities and 2 municipalities) using lottery method. Depending on the different level of economic and cultural, we sampled one medium county from each city (municipalities sampled two counties), a total of 28 counties. All towns were divided into high, medium and low three levels in accordance with economic and cultural, each level sampled one town, each conty sampled three towns, a total of 84 towns were sampled. Each town sampled 40 children, including 20 boys and 20 girls (including each 10 children aged 3 to 6, half and half boys and girls). 4 096 rural children aged 3-6 years old were sampled and surveyed of China. Based on "the Neglect Norms for Children Aged 3 to 6 Years Old in Rural Areas of China" explored the risk factors of child neglect. SPSS 18. 0 for windows was employed for statistics analysis. Multifactorial analysis was conducted through multivariate Logistic Regression.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total neglected rate of the rural children aged 3 to 6 was 53.7% (2,047/3,810), and the total neglected degree was 44.42±7.57. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, neglected risk of the boys was higher than the girls (OR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.13-1.49), neglected risk of children were higher, when their mothers were migrant workers (OR=2.18, 95% CI: 1.59-3.00); the lower educational level of mothers, the higher neglected risk of children, the children in families that mothers only received primary education or was uneducated were most likely to be neglected (OR=2.92, 95% CI: 1.91-4.47), the second was the families that mothers received primary education (OR=1.86, 95% CI: 1.29-2.69); the lower the household income, the easier to be neglected the children, the easiest one was the household income less than 5000 RMB (OR=2.85, 95% CI: 2.14-3.79), the second was 5000-9,999 RMB (OR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.40-2.20); the relationship between children and mothers was distanced, neglect risk of children was higher (OR=3.88, 95% CI: 1.31-11.52); left behind children were easier to be neglected (OR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.09-1.54).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The influence factors among children aged 3-6 years in the rural areas of China were boys, mother's occupation, maternal education level, the relationship between children and mothers, household income and left-behind children.</p>

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Objective To explore the relationship between the behavior and social ability development of Chinese urban 2 ～ 3 years old toddlers. Methods The number of 2601 toddlers aged 2～3 years old were involved by random cluster sampling under the cross-sectional study from 14 large-media cities in China and surveyed by Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL 2/3) and Chinese Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment CTSEA) Questionnaire. The multiple stepwise regression analysis was used to analyze the surveyed results. Results In 2601 toddlers,there were 194 toddlers detected positive about the behavior, the rate was 7. 5% , including boys 107 (4.11%) and girls 87 (3. 34%),and there was gender differences in positive rates of the behavior(t = 2.36,P< 0.05). Otherwise,268 toddlers were detected positive about social-emotional ability,the rate was 10.3% .including boys 139 (5.34%) and girls 129 (4.96%), there also was gender differences in suspected positive rates of social-emotional ability(t = 3.60, P<0.01). The multiple stepwise regression analysis results indicated that attacks, damage,depression,withdrawal were correspond correlated with compliance,empathy,prosocial-peer-relations and imitation. Conclusion Cultivating good habits would promote the development of children' s social ability.

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AIMS: To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (CITSEA). STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey through parent self-administered questionnaires in Chinese urban communities. Fourteen cities from the Southern, Northern, Eastern, Western and Central China were involved. SUBJECTS: A total of 5323 healthy toddlers (2690 boys and 2633 girls) aged 12 to 36 months from the 14 cities recruited through a multi-stage sampling scheme. OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-administered questionnaire was employed to collect the social demographic data, and the Chinese translation of ITSEA was used to collect data on children's social and emotional behavior. RESULTS: The reliability and validity of CITSEA were examined by standard psychometric methods. 1) The test-retest reliability of four broad domains ranged from 0.78 to 0.89 at the significant level p<0.001; 2) Split-half reliability ranged from 0.82 to 0.90 (p<0.001); 3) The alpha coefficient was noticed to range from 0.79 to 0.88, which demonstrated good internal consistency. Furthermore, as is hypothesized, the score of CITSEA domains was significantly correlated with subscale's score of the Child Behavior Checklist 2/3 (CBCL2/3) and dimension's score of China Toddler Temperament. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a good and reliable match of the model, indicating that CITSEA outlines the social and emotional development of Chinese urban children aged 12 to 36 months. CONCLUSION: The Chinese version of ITSEA is valid and the psychometric properties of this translated version (including its reliability and validity) are at an acceptable standard. It can be used as an instrument for assessing social and emotional problems, including delays in social-emotional competence for Chinese young children.

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In order to study the treatment of the children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test (IVA-CPT) was clinically applied to evaluate the effectiveness of electroencephalogram (EEG) biofeedback training. Of all the 60 children with ADHD aged more than 6 years, the effective rate of EEG biofeedback training was 91.6% after 40 sessions of EEG biofeedback training. Before and after treatment by EEG biofeedback training, the overall indexes of IVA were significantly improved among predominately inattentive, hyperactive, and combined subtype of children with ADHD (P<0.001). It was suggested that EEG biofeedback training was an effective and vital treatment on children with ADHD.

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The demand for knowledge of productive health and the current status of productive health services provided by relevant governmental institutions were qualitatively and quantitatively studied. The study identified the key factors that influenced the demand for the productive health services and results of the services. It also discussed the effective approaches to control, planning and sustainable development of the reproductive health services for the floating populations.

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The demand for knowledge of productive health and the current status of productive health services provided by relevant governmental institutions were qualitatively and quantitatively studied. The study identified the key factors that influenced the demand for the productive health services and results of the services. It also discussed the effective approaches to control, planning and sustainable development of the reproductive health services for the floating populations.

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Summary: In order to study the treatment of the children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test (IVA-CPT) was clinically applied to evaluate the effectiveness of electroencephalogram (EEG) biofeedback training. Of all the 60 children with ADHD aged more than 6 years, the effective rate of EEG biofeedback training was 91.6 % after 40 sessions of EEG biofeedback training. Before and after treatment by EEG biofeedback training, the overall indexes of IVA were significantly improved among predominately inattentive, hyperactive, and combined subtype of children with ADHD (P<0.001). It was suggested that EEG biofeedback training was an effective and vital treatment on children with ADHD.