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Key Clinical Message: Pneumothorax and bronchopleural fistula (BPF) are potentially fatal complications that can occur in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Early detection, appropriate treatment, and consideration of surgical intervention are necessary for optimum outcomes. Introduction: Healthcare professionals face complex challenges as a result of the rare emergence of pneumothorax among the variety of COVID-19 complications, including severe viral pneumonia. Case History: A 57-year-old male with multiple comorbidities diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia was admitted to our center and exhibited bilateral crepitations. During hospitalization, the patient developed right-sided pneumothorax that persisted despite chest tube insertion was linked to the presence of BPF. Discussion: The occurrence of pneumothorax in COVID-19 patients is relatively rare risk factors for which are not yet fully understood, although smoking history may play a role. Conservative management is recommended for asymptomatic cases, while intercostal drainage is necessary for symptomatic patients. Surgical intervention may be required to manage the BPF in some instances. Conclusion: Pneumothorax and BPF are rare but potentially life-threatening complications in patients recovering from COVID-19 pneumonia. Early recognition, appropriate treatment, and consideration of surgical intervention are crucial for optimizing patient outcomes.

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Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially fatal metabolic complication seen in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) or type 2 DM under stress, such as infections and non-compliance with treatment. DKA in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD) presents challenges due to the unique pathophysiology and the absence of specific management guidelines. This case report highlights the importance of tailoring the treatment of DKA based on the specific requirements of CKD patients on HD. The presented case involves a 47-year-old female with type 2 DM and CKD who developed DKA in the context of a urinary tract infection (UTI). Management included insulin infusion, cautious fluid replacement therapy, electrolyte monitoring, and identifying precipitating factors, such as an infection. The case highlights the complexity of DKA management in CKD patients and the necessity of individualized approaches. More studies and guidelines are needed to optimize the proper management of DKA in CKD patients.

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Autoimmune hepatitis is a rare form of chronic liver inflammation that begins as acute hepatitis and progresses to chronic liver disease. It presents with varied clinical features from acute hepatitis to chronic liver diseases like chronic viral hepatitis and alcoholic liver disease, making it difficult to diagnose in the absence of a high index of suspicion and adequate laboratory support. Autoimmune hepatitis is divided into two categories autoimmune hepatitis-1 and autoimmune hepatitis-2 based on the antibodies involved. We discuss the case of a 37-year-old woman who developed autoimmune hepatitis-1, with swelling and epigastric pain. These symptoms later progressed to liver cirrhosis leading to the death of the patient. Autoimmune hepatitis is extremely sensitive to immunosuppressive medication, it is necessary to maintain a high suspicion index for the disease because a prompt diagnosis can be an integral step toward a better prognosis of the disease. Keywords: autoimmune hepatitis; case reports; chronic hepatitis; liver cirrhosis.

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Abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, anorexia, and fever are common symptoms of intestinal tuberculosis, while bleeding from the lumen, intestinal obstruction, perforation, and fistula formation are uncommon presentations in ileocaecal tuberculosis. Here, we present a case of a 33-year-old male with intestinal tuberculosis who initially presented with massive bleeding per rectum.