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Background and Aims: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that impacts the brain, characterized by challenges in social communication and interaction, often accompanied by repetitive behaviors or focused interests. This study sheds light on the prevalence of ASD within the Southeast Asian region. Methods: The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (Registration No: CRD42023413915). Appropriate search terms and Boolean operators were employed to explore electronic databases for relevant articles. Data thus extracted were prepared in Excel and analyzed in Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software. The effect measure utilized in the study was represented by the proportion, and the choice between a fixed or random-effect model depended on the observed heterogeneity. Visual feedback was provided through the use of forest plots and funnel plots. Results: A total of 14 studies were included in the qualitative and quantitative synthesis after screening the imported studies. The prevalence of ASD was six per 1000 population (proportion: 0.006; CI: 0.002-0.017; I 2: 99.263%). Among the ASD cases, 64.4% (proportion: 0.644; CI: 0.590-0.693; I 2: 9.937%) were males and 35.6% (proportion: 0.356; CI: 0.307-0.410; I 2: 9.937%) were females. Conclusion: The prevalence of ASD in Southeast Asia was estimated to be six cases per 1000 individuals, with a higher prevalence among males. This study contributes to our understanding of ASD prevalence in the region, although it is essential to note certain limitations in estimating prevalence.
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Abstract: Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome, also known as Wilkie's syndrome, is a rare disease presenting as an acute abdomen. It has a clinical presentation similar to intestinal obstruction and is often missed during diagnosis. Reduced weight leading to loss of fat pad between SMA and aorta is the main pathophysiology. Diagnosis is made through barium meal and CT scan. Conservative management remains the treatment of choice; however, surgery is opted for in refractory cases. Key Clinical Message: Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome, also known as Wilkie's syndrome, is a rare disease presenting as an acute abdomen with clinical features similar to intestinal obstruction. This is a case of SMA syndrome in an adult male with a decrease in aortomesenteric angle, with no predisposing condition.
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Giant appendicoliths are rare appendicoliths with the largest diameter of more than 2 cm. It can increase the risk of complications such as perforation or abscess formation. This is a case of an uncommon definitive pathology diagnosed for a right iliac fossa calcification with a rare transoperative finding.
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Intussusception is a rare surgical condition in adults less commonly confined to small bowel. Adult intussusception is an indication of surgical resection due to possibility of ischemia and malignant pathological cause like gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) as in this case. Case presentation: A 32-year-old male presented with abdominal pain and vomiting for 3 days. Vitals parameters and abdominal examinations were normal. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed target sign suggesting ileoileal intussusception in right lower quadrant. Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography of abdomen showed features suggestive of ileoileal intussusception. Diagnostic laparoscopy was done which was later turned to laparotomy for segmental resection and anastomosis of ileum for ileoileal intussusception. Polypoidal growth noted in the resected section of ileum was found to be GIST (CD117 and DOG-1 positive) which was considered to be the lead point. Patient recovered well during postoperative period and later referred to oncology clinic for chemotherapy. Clinical discussion: Intussusception and subsequent obstruction are very uncommon presentation in a patient with GIST because of their tendency to grow in an extraluminal fashion. As intussusception is rare in adult, high level of suspicion and proper imaging technique plays important role in diagnosing the condition. Conclusion: Ileoileal intussusceptions due to GIST are a rare clinical entity in adult intussusceptions and generally have a vague variable clinical presentation thus requiring high index of clinical judgement and suspicion with judicious use of imaging.