RESUMEN
Anorexia (loss of appetite) in the elderly is a problem of unknown dimensions. Long-term studies are needed to identify the number of elderly who show a consistent pattern of weight loss with advancing age. Longitudinal studies on the effectiveness of programs designed to prevent and combat this weight loss by increasing food intake must be designed and carried out in subjects selected for the absence of disease often seen in old people.
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento/fisiología , Anorexia/etiología , Trastornos de Alimentación y de la Ingestión de Alimentos/etiología , Anciano , Peso Corporal , Humanos , Estudios LongitudinalesRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to confirm, using longitudinal observations in a normal population, that the rate of decline in renal function (creatinine clearance) is inversely correlated with blood pressure. The negative regression coefficients plotting individual rates of decline over time (Bcr) against mean blood pressures (MBP) were highly significant (p less than 0.001) for all subjects and subjects in category 3 (normals). Although the Bcr also decreases significantly with age and MBP increases with age suggesting this might be an age effect, a multiple regression analysis shows that both MBP and age as independent variables exert statistically significant effects on Bcr, the dependent variable.
Asunto(s)
Hipertensión/complicaciones , Fallo Renal Crónico/etiología , Pruebas de Función Renal , Nefroesclerosis/etiología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Presión Sanguínea , Creatinina/sangre , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Serial creatinine clearances (5 to 14 studies) were obtained for 446 normal volunteers in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging followed between 1958 and 1981. When those subjects with possible renal or urinary tract disease and subjects on diuretics and antihypertensives were removed from the study, leaving a group of 254 "normal" subjects, the mean decrease in creatinine clearance was 0.75 ml/min/year. The slopes of the creatinine clearance vs. time fell into a normal (Gaussian) distribution around this mean. One third of all subjects followed had no absolute decrease in renal function (positive slope of creatinine clearance vs. time) and there was a small group of patients who showed a statistically significant increase (P less than 0.05) in creatinine clearance with age.
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento , Creatinina/metabolismo , Riñón/fisiología , Adulto , Anciano , Creatinina/sangre , Humanos , Hipertensión/fisiopatología , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis de Regresión , Enfermedades Urológicas/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
A significant negative correlation (P less than 0.0001) exists between the mean blood pressure (MBP) and the rate of decline in creatinine clearance with time in years (BCr) in 446 subjects in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging (BLSA) followed serially on five or more visits over a period of 8 or more years. Even when the 118 subjects with possible renal and/or urinary tract pathology (category 1) and 74 subjects treated with diuretic and/or antihypertensive agents (category 2) were not included, this relationship remained in the 254 "normal" (category 3) subjects. Since both MBP and negativity of the BCr tend to increase with age, multiple regression analyses using both MBP and age as independent variables were performed to determine their respective influences on BCr. Both MBP and age significantly influenced BCr. When those subjects with hypertension (mean MBP greater than 107 mm Hg) were not included, however, the inverse relationship between MBP and BCr is lost, suggesting that an accelerated loss of renal function is observed primarily because of the impact exerted by individuals with blood pressures in the hypertensive range.
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento , Presión Sanguínea , Tasa de Filtración Glomerular , Adulto , Anciano , Creatinina/sangre , Femenino , Humanos , Hipertensión/fisiopatología , Hipertensión Renal/fisiopatología , Glomérulos Renales/fisiopatología , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades Urológicas/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
Nutritional requirements do not change appreciably with age among adults. However, with increasing age total caloric intake is gradually reduced, but among normal people living in the community dietary deficiencies are seldom found. Deficiencies in specific nutritional elements are found among poor and disadvantaged elderly people. The use of special diets or the ingestion of megadoses of vitamins do not improve health or prolong life. The reduction in food intake and the tendency of old people to eat the same diet day after day makes them potentially vulnerable to possible deficiencies in specific vitamins, minerals, and protein. In most animal species (rats, mice, fruit flies, rotifers), a reduction in the daily food intake over the entire life-span increases it. The mechanisms of this increase are not known. Although there are rational reasons to believe that nutrition must play an important role in aging, experimental data to prove relationships are most scanty. The field of nutrition and gerontology share many difficulties, viz the lack of a biological index of aging and an index of optimal nutrition in individual adults. Research on these basic issues is essential before we can give definite answers to the questions about relationships between nutrition and aging.
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento , Fenómenos Fisiológicos de la Nutrición , Animales , Supervivencia Celular , Dieta , Ingestión de Alimentos , Ingestión de Energía , Humanos , LongevidadAsunto(s)
Bibliografías como Asunto , Geriatría , Anciano , Envejecimiento , Animales , Humanos , Longevidad , Psicología , SociologíaRESUMEN
The subject categories are those in A Classified Bibliography of Gerontology and Geriatrics by Nathan W. Shock, published by Stanford University Press, Stanford, California (1951). Only major headings are used and the Roman numerals correspond to those given in the bibliography. Insofar as possible, references are classified according to organ systems. Thus, most of the material on Geriatrics will be found under the organ system involved in the disease. Cross references are indicated by numbers at the end of each section. When available, abstract references are given (B.A.-Biological Abstracts. P.A.-Psychological Abstracts, and P.I.-Population Index). Abbreviations for journals are those in A World List of Scientific Periodicals Published in the years 1900-1933, 2nd Edition. For journals not listed, abbreviations were devised to the general rules used in the above source. It is impossible to cover all journals and list all papers concerned with aging and the aged. Authors and publishers are requested to call attention to publications or to send reprints to the Gerontology Research Center, Baltimore City Hospitals, Baltimore, Maryland 21224.