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This literature review is focused on findings concerning the pharmacological effects of Dioscorea phytosaponins (DPSs) on female organism. Expediency and prospects of developing DPS preparations for the treatment of mnestic and metabolic disorders accompanying climacteric syndrome are assessed.

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Transglutaminasc (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase, EC 2.3.2.13, TG) catalyzes reactions of the acyl transfer, which introduce the epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine bonds between proteins to create polymers of high mol. mass. Properties of the TG enzyme are described. Its structure is considered: there are characterized items of the TG life cycle and stability, its biological (physiological) role, and significance in pathology and medicine as well as obtaining of the purified enzyme preparations and their use. There are compared TG from different sources: of animal and microbial origin. Mechanism of catalysis of microbial TG is discussed. There are presented characteristics of isoenzymes from different biological sources.

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The effect of inhalation of paprine dust on the bronchopulmonary tract and antibody-forming function of the spleen was studied experimentally on two lines of mice: CBA and CC57W, differing from each other by haplotype H-2 and antioxidant status of the organisms under study. During comparative histomorphological examination of lungs and bronchi of the experimental animals a more intensive reaction was found in mice of the CBA line, whereas in mice of the CC57W line vascular changes prevailed without any reactions in the bronchioles. Reactions of the spleen to paprine dust in animals of different lines were also different: the quality of antibody-forming cells in the spleen of CBA line mice with comparatively higher antioxidant status increased under experimental conditions, while it decreased in those of the CC57W line. The data obtained showed dependance of the sensitivity of the organism to action of operational dust on individual genetic properties, demonstrating thus the necessity of applying principles of medical genetics in order to prevent effectively the development of occupational diseases in exposed teams of workers.

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The protective effect produced on the kidneys in tourniquet shock by thiol agents possessing antioxidant properties (unithiol, cystamine) was compared with that of a preparation of cell capsules of L. bulgaricus (CCLB). Tourniquet shock was modeled under ether Raush anesthesia by applying 8 turns of a rubber tourniquet to the hind limbs for 6 hours. Thirty minutes before removal of the tourniquet animals of the first group were given an injection of 1 ml of physiological solution, animals of the second group--20 mg/kg of unithol, those of the third group received an injection of 20 mg/kg of cystamine hydrochloride. Animals of the fourth group received 50 mg/kg of CCLB in 1 ml of physiological solution 7 days before the experiment. A marked protective effect of CCLB on the kidneys in tourniquet shock was established. According to the degree of the protective effect on the tissue of kidneys in tourniquet shock, the studied agents come in the following order: CCLB, cystamine, unithiol.

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The activity of red cell enzymes and the cationic protein content in the granulocytes were studied in different periods of tourniquet shock. The activity of lactic dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase reduced 3-6 hours after removal of the tourniquet; the activity of glutathione reductase did not change. The value of the lysosomal-cationic test diminished 6 hours after application of the tourniquet and increased 2 hours after its removal. The results of the study allow the lysosomal-cationic test to be recommended for determining the unspecific resistance in shock.

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The changes of lipid peroxidation, thiol disulfide equilibrium, glucoso-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, catalase and superoxide dismutase activity under influence of immunostimulants during paprin inhalation were studied. Pro-oxidant effect of dekaris has been established. The conclusion on the necessity to estimate the level of antioxidant system under immunocorrection has been made.

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Blood plasma of healthy persons bound 13.13 +/- 1.07 mmol/l of p-phenylene diamine (PDA), histamine pectic index constituted 33.3 +/- 2.18%. In patients with neurodermitis and eczema both these patterns were markedly reduced. Unitiol (10(-3) mol/l) increased PDA binding and histamine level in vitro. The same concentration of cystamine decreased histamine pectic index in healthy persons. Importance of protein SH-groups in binding of amines is discussed.

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Activities of amine oxidase from blood plasma and of monoamine oxidase from thrombocytes were studied in persons sensitized to yeast fungus and in patients with allergic diseases. Activity of the blood plasma amine oxidase tended to increase in sensitization and to decrease in patients with allergic dermatoses. In this group of patients activity of the thrombocyte monoamine oxidase was higher as compared with that of healthy persons.

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The effect of unithiol and acetylcysteine on lipid peroxidation, thioldisulfide equilibrium, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase and lactate dehydrogenase activity and on erythrocyte resistance was studied in guinea-pigs during sensitization with C. maltosa. Sensibilized animals receiving thiol antioxidants showed partial restoration of normal biochemical levels.

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