RESUMEN
We investigated seasonal changes in food intake, energy metabolism, and physical activity (PA) and explored their associations with body composition. In total, 28 women aged 20−23 years in the Kansai area of Japan participated in this year-long study spanning the winter, spring, and summer seasons. A dietary investigation was performed using the weight recording method, and the amount of histidine in the diet, which may be related to the regulation of energy intake, was calculated. Resting metabolic rate (RMR), body composition, and PA were measured using indirect calorimetry, bioelectrical impedance analysis, and uniaxial accelerometry, respectively. The results showed that energy intake was highest in winter, decreased significantly with increasing temperature, and decreased by 25% in summer. As the intake of histidine in the diet did not increase in summer, it did not seem to be involved in the suppression of energy intake. RMR was highest in winter and decreased significantly in summer by 20%. The amount of PA was low in winter, increased significantly in the spring, and decreased again in summer. Body weight increased in winter, with an accumulation of fat in the trunk and arms, and decreased in summer, with a reduction in the amount of fat. Greater energy intake and less PA in winter induced an increment in body weight despite the increase in RMR. There were no significant changes in lean body mass between the seasons; however, the muscle weight of the lower limbs increased significantly in spring and in summer compared with that in winter (p < 0.001). Thus, seasonal changes in food intake, energy metabolism, and PA occur, with resultant changes in the body composition under comfortable air-conditioned environments.
Asunto(s)
Composición Corporal , Ejercicio Físico , Adulto , Ingestión de Alimentos , Metabolismo Energético , Femenino , Humanos , Japón , Estaciones del Año , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND METHODS: We conducted a community-based study to evaluate genotype-specific prevalence of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) and potential predictors of its presence in young, asymptomatic, female college students. Self-administered surveys and vaginal swabs for self collection were distributed to students of participating schools. A sufficient cellular component in cervical samples was verified by examining for the presence of human ß-globin DNA by PCR. A total of 1,118 valid cervical samples were subjected to screening for HR-HPV infection with the Digene Hybrid Capture 2 assay, followed by identification of HPV genotypes with GENOSEARCH HPV31 kit. Logistic regression was used to adjust for confounding factors associated with HR-HPV positivity and the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) was calculated. RESULTS: The median age of recruited students was 20 years. Of the 1,118 women who provided valid cervical samples for testing, 770 had sexual intercourse in the past, of which 125 (16.2%) were positive for HR-HPV. Logistic regression analysis revealed that HR-HPV infection was associated with smoking history (AOR 2.13; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.98 to 5.05; p < 0.01), total number of partners (AOR 4.72; 95% CI 1.97 to 11.32 if > 5 partners; p < 0.001), number of partners in the past 6 months (AOR 3.12; 95% CI 1.42 to 6.87; p < 0.01), improper use of condoms (AOR 2.21; 95% CI 1.25 to 3.90; p < 0.01), and chlamydia infection (AOR 2.61; 95% CI 1.28 to 5.34; p < 0.01). The most common HR-HPV genotype was type 52 (6.4%), followed by 16 (3.1%), 56 (3.0%), and 58 (2.6%). CONCLUSION: Compared with previous reports in East Asian coutries, the prevalence of HR-HPV infection among young, asymptomatic, female students before the nationwide use of vaccination in Japan was in the intermediate range. The most common HR-HPV genotypes were HPV 52, 16, 56, and 58.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiología , Enfermedades Virales de Transmisión Sexual/epidemiología , Adolescente , Alphapapillomavirus , Infecciones Asintomáticas , Femenino , Humanos , Japón/epidemiología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Prevalencia , Enfermedades Virales de Transmisión Sexual/virología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/epidemiología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/virología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The objective was to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis infection (CTI) among students in Japan, and to examine risk factors and methods of prevention. A total of 1004 students were analysed. Urine samples were checked for chlamydial DNA using polymerase chain reaction techniques. Prevalence of CTI was 8.3%. Risk factors were age and a history of four or more sexual partners for females, and history of CTI and contact with new sexual partners for males. Age did not represent a risk factor for male students. A correlation was identified between history of genital infection and experience with commercial sex workers for male students. Sex education programmes should be implemented encouraging use of condoms not only by students over 18 years, but also by senior high school students. Development of efficient and practical screening systems tailored to the current status of school health management in Japan is also needed.