RESUMEN
In this study, a water-soluble polysaccharide from Eucommia folium was extracted by hot water and purified using Sephadex G-200 gel columns. The results showed that the purified fraction (EFP) has a molecular weight of 9.98 × 105 Da and consisted of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose, xylose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid (molar ratio: 0.226: 1.739: 2.183: 1: 0.155: 0.321: 0.358: 0.047). The combination of infrared spectroscopy and NMR analysis proved that EFP is an acidic polysaccharide whose main chain consists of α-L-Araf-(1 â , â 3,5)-α-Araf-(1 â , â 3)-ß-Galp-(1 â , â 3,6)-ß-Glcp-(1 â , â 2)-α-D-Manp-(1 â , â 4)-α-GalpA-(1 â , â 2,4)-α-Rhap-(1 â . In addition, the in vivo antitumoral activity of EFP was studied using a H22 tumor-bearing mice model. EFP effectively inhibited tumor growth in mice following intragastric administration. By Combining with the results of the apoptosis assay and JC-1 staining analysis, we confirmed that EFP induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. Furthermore, cell cycle analysis demonstrated that EFP blocks the cell cycle at S phase.
Asunto(s)
Polisacáridos , Agua , Ratones , Animales , Polisacáridos/química , Galactosa , Ramnosa , Peso MolecularRESUMEN
Pulmonary surfactant protein A (SP-A) has been associated with host defense in the lung, and contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The present study aimed to determine a noninvasive method of measurement of SPA, and further examine the expression levels of SPA in patients with COPD. SPA was detected in the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) obtained from patients with COPD and from nonCOPD subjects. The individuals recruited for the present study comprised 60 subjects with and without COPD, who underwent lobectomy for a solitary peripheral lung nodule. EBC was collected using a condenser, and an enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the levels of SPA. Tissue samples were obtained during lobectomy through resection of the adjacent lung tissues, located >5 cm from the nodule. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were used to measure SPA and SPApositive type II pneumocytes. The results demonstrated that SPA was detectable in the EBC of all subjects. The results of the ELISA and western blotting demonstrated that the expression levels of SPA were significantly decreased in patients with COPD, compared with the nonCOPD subjects. The reduction of SPApositive type II pneumocytes was associated with the expression levels of SPA. Decreased expression levels of SPA in EBC were associated with a higher degree of airway limitation. These results suggested that the measurement of SPA levels in the EBC may serve as a method for monitoring airway obstruction in patients with COPD. Further investigations are required in order to examine these observations further and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.