RESUMEN
The common cold and/or an associated fever during pregnancy have/has been suspected to harm the developing fetus. We sought possible correlations between a maternal common cold or fever during pregnancy and the risk of orofacial clefts in the offspring.We systematically searched PubMed and Embase using appropriate keywords, and we checked the reference lists of retrieved articles. We used random-effects models to estimate overall relative risks.Incidence of orofacial clefts.We included 13 case-control studies. Modest but statistically significant associations were found between a maternal common cold and cleft lip with or without a cleft palate (CL/CP) (odds ratio [OR] 2.17; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.66-2.83) and a cleft palate only (CPO) (OR 3.08; 95% CI 1.5-6.34). Furthermore, maternal fever was also associated with an increased risk of CL/CP (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.3-2.8) and CPO (OR 1.48, 95% CI 0.83-2.63) in the offspring. Further analyses of maternal influenza (alone) yielded similar results.Although evidence of heterogeneity should be carefully evaluated, our findings suggest that maternal common cold or fever during pregnancy may be associated with a greater risk of CL/CP or CPO in the offspring. Future cohort studies using valid assessments of maternal common cold exposure during pregnancy that consider the severity of fever are needed to clarify the contribution of maternal common cold or fever status to the risk of orofacial clefts in children.
Asunto(s)
Labio Leporino , Fisura del Paladar , Resfriado Común , Femenino , Embarazo , Niño , Humanos , Labio Leporino/complicaciones , Fisura del Paladar/complicaciones , Resfriado Común/complicaciones , Factores de Riesgo , Estudios de Casos y ControlesRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technique in reconstruction of zygomatic complex defect. METHODS: Three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) and rapid prototyping (RP) techniques were applied to produce facsimile models in 13 patients with zygomatic complex defects resulted from trauma or tumor ablation. The zygomatic complex defect was reconstructed using a mirroring technique by CAD/CAM. Titanium mesh was prefabricated on individual facsimile models and combined with autologous bone graft and pedicled buccal fat pad flap for reconstruction. RESULTS: The measuring data of zygomatic complex defect between facsimile model and intraoperative findings was extremely consistent. The prefabrication of reconstructive titanium mesh was matched with zygomatic complex defect in the surgery. The postoperative 3D-CT image demonstrated the symmetry of reconstructed zygomatic complex. The functional recovery and facial contours were satisfactory in all cases. CONCLUSION: The application of CAD/CAM technique can simulate the surgery procedures accurately, which contributes to shorten the actual operative time. RP techniques can reconstruct the facial contours symmetry and recover the function of zygomatic complex defect.