RESUMEN
Purple corn (Zea mays L.) is native to the Andean region, but limited research has been performed about the potential metabolic variability when grown under Andean environmental conditions. This study was aimed at evaluating the phenolic and primary polar metabolites composition of purple corn (kernels and cobs) grown at two Peruvian Andean locations (lowland and highland) using targeted UHPLC (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography) and untargeted GC-MS (gas chromatography mass spectrometry) metabolomic platforms, respectively. Changes in the physical characteristics and the in vitro bioactivity were also determined. Purple corn from the highland zone showed higher contents of ash, crude fiber, total phenolic contents, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) antioxidant capacity, and α-amylase inhibitory activity in kernels, whereas increased levels of flavonoids (anthocyanins and quercetin derivatives) and ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] antioxidant capacity were observed in cobs in comparison to lowland samples. No effect of the Andean location was found on the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity relevant for hyperglycemia management, while yield-linked physical characteristics were high in purple corn grown at the lowland zone. Polar primary metabolites related to the carbohydrate (monosaccharides, sucrose, and d-sorbitol), amino acid (valine and alanine), and tricarboxylic acid cycle (succinic, fumaric, and aconitic acid) metabolism were higher in highland purple corn (cob and kernel) likely due to abiotic stress factors from the highland environment. This study provides the foundation for further breeding improvements at Andean locations.
RESUMEN
Peruvian corn biodiversity is one of the highest in the world and may represent an important natural source of health relevant phenolic bioactive compounds whose potential needs to be investigated. This study investigated twenty-two Peruvian corn samples corresponding to five corn races (Arequipeño, Cabanita, Kculli, Granada and Coruca) in relation to their total phenolic contents (TPC), anthocyanin contents, Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) phenolic profiles and antioxidant capacity (ABTS and ORAC methods). Subsequently using both free and cell-wall bound phenolic fractions their health relevance targeting hyperglycemia (α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition) and obesity (lipase inhibition) potentials was evaluated using in vitro assay models. Antioxidant capacity and TPC were high in bound fractions from yellow-colored races in contrast to the purple-colored race (Kculli) which had high TPC (mainly anthocyanins) and antioxidant capacity in the free form. The major phenolic acids detected by UPLC were ferulic and p-coumaric acids. High α-glucosidase (32.5-76.1%, 25 mg sample dose) and moderate α-amylase inhibitory activities (13.6-29.0%, 250 mg sample dose) were found in all free fractions, but only samples from the Kculli race had lipase inhibitory activity (58.45-92.16%, 12.5 mg sample dose). Principal component analysis revealed that the variability of data was affected by the race and the α-glucosidase and lipase inhibitory activities positively correlated with anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity. Some accessions of Kculli, Granada and Cabanita races are promising for future breeding strategies focused on the development of improved corn varieties targeted for the design of functional foods relevant for hyperglycemia and obesity prevention.
RESUMEN
Beneficial effects on overall gut health by phenolic bioactives-rich foods are potentially due to their modulation of probiotic gut bacteria and antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria. Based on this rationale, the effect of the free and bound phenolic fractions from a Peruvian purple corn accession AREQ-084 on probiotic lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus helveticus and Bifidobacterium longum and the gastric cancer-related pathogen Helicobacter pylori was evaluated. The free and bound phenolic composition was also determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography. Anthocyanins were the major phenolic compounds (310.04 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents/100 g dry weight, DW) in the free phenolic fraction along with hydroxycinnamic acids such as p-coumaric acid derivatives, followed by caffeic and ferulic acid derivatives. The bound phenolic form had only hydroxycinnamic acids such as ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, and a ferulic acid derivative with ferulic acid being the major phenolic compound (156.30 mg/100 g DW). These phenolic compounds were compatible with beneficial probiotic lactic acid bacteria such as L. helveticus and B. longum as these bacteria were not inhibited by the free and bound phenolic fractions at 10 to 50 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL of sample doses, respectively. However, the pathogenic H. pylori was also not inhibited by both purple corn phenolic forms at same above sample doses. This study provides the preliminary base for the characterization of phenolic compounds of Peruvian purple corn biodiversity and its potential health benefits relevant to improving human gut health. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study provides insights that Peruvian purple corn accession AREQ-084 can be targeted as a potential source of health-relevant phenolic compounds such as anthocyanins along with hydroxycinnamic acids linked to its dietary fiber fraction. Additionally, these phenolic fractions did not affect the gut health associated beneficial bacteria nor the pathogenic H. pylori. Purple corn can be targeted for design of probiotic functional foods integrated with their anthocyanin linked-coloring properties.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/química , Fenoles/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Zea mays/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Perú , Fenoles/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Thirty-three Chilean corn accessions were screened for the first time regarding their phenolic profiles, total phenolic contents (TPC), antioxidant capacity (DPPH and ABTS), and in vitro inhibition against key enzymes relevant for hyperglycemia (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) and hypertension (angiotensin I-converting enzyme, ACE-I) in both free and cell wall-bound fractions. TPC varied from 132.2 to 262.5 mg of gallic acid equivalents/100g dry weight (DW), and around 88% of TPC and antioxidant capacity were found in the bound form. Vanillin, vanillic, protocatechuic, ferulic, and p-coumaric acids were detected by HPLC in free fractions, whereas ferulic and p-coumaric acids were found in the bound form. Pisankalla accession (red kernel) had the highest ferulic acid content (269.5 mg/100g DW). No α-amylase and ACE-I inhibition were found; however, all free fractions inhibited α-glucosidase (10.8-72.5%). Principal component analysis revealed that darker samples (free fraction) showed higher TPC and antioxidant capacity, while α-glucosidase inhibition was related to yellow-colored samples.
Asunto(s)
Antihipertensivos/química , Antioxidantes/química , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/química , Hipoglucemiantes/química , Fenoles/química , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Zea mays/química , Inhibidores de la Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina/química , Chile , Inhibidores de Glicósido Hidrolasas , alfa-Amilasas/antagonistas & inhibidoresRESUMEN
The potential of water extracts of the Amazon medicinal plant Chancapiedra (Phyllanthus niruri L.) from Ecuador and Peru for antimicrobial activity against Helicobacter pylori and different strains of lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum was investigated. H. pylori was inhibited by both water extracts in a dose dependent manner, whereas lactic acid bacterial growth was not affected. Both extracts contained ellagic acid and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and exhibited high free radical scavenging linked-antioxidant activities (89%). However, gallic acid was detected only in the Ecuadorian extract. Preliminary studies on the mode of action of Chancapiedra against H. pylori revealed that inhibition may not involve proline dehydrogenase-based oxidative phosphorylation inhibition associated with simple mono-phenolics and could involve ellagitannins or other non-phenolic compounds through a yet unknown mechanism. This study provides evidence about the potential of Chancapiedra for H. pylori inhibition without affecting beneficial lactic acid bacteria.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Helicobacter pylori/efectos de los fármacos , Lactobacillus/efectos de los fármacos , Phyllanthus/química , Plantas Medicinales/química , Antibacterianos/química , Compuestos de Bifenilo/química , Ácidos Cumáricos/química , Ácidos Cumáricos/farmacología , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Ecuador , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/química , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/farmacología , Helicobacter pylori/crecimiento & desarrollo , Taninos Hidrolizables/química , Taninos Hidrolizables/farmacología , Lactobacillus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Fosforilación Oxidativa , Perú , Picratos/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Prolina Oxidasa/química , Agua/químicaRESUMEN
Compostos antioxidantes naturais adicionados em alimentos podem ter um impacto fisiológico sobre a saúde humana, principalmente porque podem reduzir o risco de doenças ou promover retardamento dos danos provocados pelo efeito de radicais livres, como as doenças cardiovasculares, câncer intestinal, infecções intestinais, entre outras. Neste trabalho, foram otimizadas as condições de extração de compostos fenólicos das especiarias Rosmarinus officinalis L. (alecrim) e Origanum vulgare (orégano), e a atividade antioxidante nos extratos brutos foi avaliada pela inibição do radical DPPH e pela peroxidação lipídica de microssoma. Os extratos obtidos foram adicionados, separadamente, ao queijo à base de ricota (FCS), e o produto foi avaliado sensorialmente. As condições ótimas de extração dos compostos fenólicos foram 75% de etanol em 8 horas de operação para Rosmarinus officinalis L. (0,46 mg GAE/ml ± 0,01 p/v) e 40% de etanol em 7,5 horas de operação para Origanum vulgare (2,57 mg GAE/mL ± 0,02 p/v). O extrato de alecrim apresentou maior atividade antioxidante em ambos os testes. O produto contendo extrato concentrado de alecrim (9,60 mg GAE/mL p/v) atingiu 76,0% de aceitação, com compostos fenólicos na concentração de 96 mg GAE/100g de produto. O produto lácteo formulado com extrato de orégano apresentou concentração de compostos fenólicos de 396 mg GAE/100g de produto, com índice
Natural antioxidants added to foods may have a physiological impact on human health, particularly because they may reduce the risk of illnesses or they promote the delay of damaging free radicals effect, like cardiovascular diseases, intestinal cancer or infections symptoms. The best conditions for the extraction of phenolic compounds from Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) and Origanum vulgare (oregano) was established, and the antioxidant activity from raw extracts was demonstrated based on inhibition of DPPH free radical formation and microsome lipid peroxidation. The extracts obtained were added, separately, to a fresh cheese spread (FCS) and the product was evaluated for sensory qualities. The best condition for extraction of phenolic compounds was 75% ethanol in 8 hours running time for rosemary (0.46 mg GAE/mL ± 0.01 w/v), and 40% ethanol in 7.5 hours running time for oregano (2.57 mg GAE/mL ± 0.02 w/v). The rosemary extract showed high antioxidant activity in both tests. The product with concentrated rosemary extracts had 96 mg GAE/100g in the final blend and 76% acceptance index. The fresh cheese spread (FCS) with Origanum vulgare extract had 396 mg GAE/100g in the final blend, with 91 % acceptance index.
RESUMEN
Compostos antioxidantes naturais adicionados em alimentos podem ter um impacto fisiológico sobre a saúde humana, principalmente porque podem reduzir o risco de doenças ou promover retardamento dos danos provocados pelo efeito de radicais livres, como as doenças cardiovasculares, câncer intestinal, infecções intestinais, entre outras. Neste trabalho, foram otimizadas as condições de extração de compostos fenólicos das especiarias Rosmarinus officinalis L. (alecrim) e Origanum vulgare (orégano), e a atividade antioxidante nos extratos brutos foi avaliada pela inibição do radical DPPH e pela peroxidação lipídica de microssoma. Os extratos obtidos foram adicionados, separadamente, ao queijo à base de ricota (FCS), e o produto foi avaliado sensorialmente. As condições ótimas de extração dos compostos fenólicos foram 75% de etanol em 8 horas de operação para Rosmarinus officinalis L. (0,46 mg GAE/ml ± 0,01 p/v) e 40% de etanol em 7,5 horas de operação para Origanum vulgare (2,57 mg GAE/mL ± 0,02 p/v). O extrato de alecrim apresentou maior atividade antioxidante em ambos os testes. O produto contendo extrato concentrado de alecrim (9,60 mg GAE/mL p/v) atingiu 76,0% de aceitação, com compostos fenólicos na concentração de 96 mg GAE/100g de produto. O produto lácteo formulado com extrato de orégano apresentou concentração de compostos fenólicos de 396 mg GAE/100g de produto, com índice
Natural antioxidants added to foods may have a physiological impact on human health, particularly because they may reduce the risk of illnesses or they promote the delay of damaging free radicals effect, like cardiovascular diseases, intestinal cancer or infections symptoms. The best conditions for the extraction of phenolic compounds from Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) and Origanum vulgare (oregano) was established, and the antioxidant activity from raw extracts was demonstrated based on inhibition of DPPH free radical formation and microsome lipid peroxidation. The extracts obtained were added, separately, to a fresh cheese spread (FCS) and the product was evaluated for sensory qualities. The best condition for extraction of phenolic compounds was 75% ethanol in 8 hours running time for rosemary (0.46 mg GAE/mL ± 0.01 w/v), and 40% ethanol in 7.5 hours running time for oregano (2.57 mg GAE/mL ± 0.02 w/v). The rosemary extract showed high antioxidant activity in both tests. The product with concentrated rosemary extracts had 96 mg GAE/100g in the final blend and 76% acceptance index. The fresh cheese spread (FCS) with Origanum vulgare extract had 396 mg GAE/100g in the final blend, with 91 % acceptance index.
RESUMEN
Strawberries represent the main source of ellagic acid derivatives in the Brazilian diet, corresponding to more than 50% of all phenolic compounds found in the fruit. There is a particular interest in the determination of the ellagic acid content in fruits because of possible chemopreventive benefits. In the present study, the potential health benefits of purified ellagitannins from strawberries were evaluated in relation to the antiproliferative activity and in vitro inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) relevant for potential management of hyperglycemia and hypertension. Therefore, a comparison among ellagic acid, purified ellagitannins, and a strawberry extract was done to evaluate the possible synergistic effects of phenolics. In relation to the antiproliferative activity, it was observed that ellagic acid had the highest percentage inhibition of cell proliferation. The strawberry extract had lower efficacy in inhibiting the cell proliferation, indicating that in the case of this fruit there is no synergism. Purified ellagitannins had high α-amylase and ACE inhibitory activities. However, these compounds had low α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. These results suggested that the ellagitannins and ellagic acid have good potential for the management of hyperglycemia and hypertension linked to type 2 diabetes. However, further studies with animal and human models are needed to advance the in vitro assay-based biochemical rationale from this study.
Asunto(s)
Antihipertensivos/farmacología , División Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Fragaria/química , Frutas/química , Taninos Hidrolizables/farmacología , Inhibidores de la Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina/farmacología , Animales , Línea Celular Tumoral , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Inhibidores de Glicósido Hidrolasas , Humanos , Fitoterapia , alfa-Amilasas/antagonistas & inhibidoresRESUMEN
Traditionally used medicinal plants, herbs and spices in Latin America were investigated to determine their phenolic profiles, antioxidant activity and in vitro inhibitory potential against key enzymes relevant for hyperglycemia and hypertension. High phenolic and antioxidant activity-containing medicinal plants and spices such as Chancapiedra (Phyllantus niruri L.), Zarzaparrilla (Smilax officinalis), Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguayensis St-Hil), and Huacatay (Tagetes minuta) had the highest anti-hyperglycemia relevant in vitro alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities with no effect on alpha-amylase. Molle (Schinus molle), Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp), Caigua (Cyclanthera pedata) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) inhibited significantly the hypertension relevant angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE). All evaluated pepper (Capsicum) genus exhibited both anti-hyperglycemia and anti-hypertension potential. Major phenolic compounds in Matico (Piper angustifolium R.), Guascas (Galinsoga parviflora) and Huacatay were chlorogenic acid and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. Therefore, specific medicinal plants, herbs and spices from Latin America have potential for hyperglycemia and hypertension prevention associated with Type 2 diabetes.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Bebidas/análisis , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/uso terapéutico , Hiperglucemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipertensión/tratamiento farmacológico , Fenoles/uso terapéutico , Plantas Medicinales/química , Animales , Compuestos de Bifenilo/metabolismo , Capsicum/química , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Inhibidores de Glicósido Hidrolasas , Hiperglucemia/enzimología , Hipertensión/enzimología , América Latina , Peptidil-Dipeptidasa A/metabolismo , Fitoterapia , Picratos/metabolismo , Especias/análisis , Sus scrofa , alfa-Amilasas/antagonistas & inhibidoresRESUMEN
The health-relevant functionality of 10 thermally processed Peruvian Andean grains (five cereals, three pseudocereals, and two legumes) was evaluated for potential type 2 diabetes-relevant antihyperglycemia and antihypertension activity using in vitro enzyme assays. Inhibition of enzymes relevant for managing early stages of type 2 diabetes such as hyperglycemia-relevant alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase and hypertension-relevant angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) were assayed along with the total phenolic content, phenolic profiles, and antioxidant activity based on the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical assay. Purple corn (Zea mays L.) (cereal) exhibited high free radical scavenging-linked antioxidant activity (77%) and had the highest total phenolic content (8 +/- 1 mg of gallic acid equivalents/g of sample weight) and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity (51% at 5 mg of sample weight). The major phenolic compound in this cereal was protocatechuic acid (287 +/- 15 microg/g of sample weight). Pseudocereals such as Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) and Kañiwa (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen) were rich in quercetin derivatives (1,131 +/- 56 and 943 +/- 35 microg [expressed as quercetin aglycone]/g of sample weight, respectively) and had the highest antioxidant activity (86% and 75%, respectively). Andean legumes (Lupinus mutabilis cultivars SLP-1 and H-6) inhibited significantly the hypertension-relevant ACE (52% at 5 mg of sample weight). No alpha-amylase inhibitory activity was found in any of the evaluated Andean grains. This in vitro study indicates the potential of combination of Andean whole grain cereals, pseudocereals, and legumes to develop effective dietary strategies for managing type 2 diabetes and associated hypertension and provides the rationale for animal and clinical studies.
Asunto(s)
Antihipertensivos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Magnoliopsida/química , Fenoles/farmacología , Preparaciones de Plantas/farmacología , Amaranthaceae/química , Antihipertensivos/análisis , Antioxidantes/análisis , Chenopodiaceae/química , Productos Agrícolas/química , Grano Comestible/química , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/análisis , Fabaceae/química , Humanos , Hipoglucemiantes/análisis , Perú , Fenoles/análisis , Preparaciones de Plantas/química , SemillasRESUMEN
Leaves from four different Ginkgo biloba L. trees (1 and 2--females; 3 and 4--males), grown at the same conditions, were collected during a period of 5 months (from June to October, 2007). Water and 12% ethanol extracts were analyzed for total phenolics content, antioxidant activity, phenolic profile, and the potential in vitro inhibitory effects on alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, and Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme (ACE) enzymes related to the management of diabetes and hypertension. The results indicated a significant difference among the trees in all functional benefits evaluated in the leaf extracts and also found important seasonal variation related to the same functional parameters. In general, the aqueous extracts had higher total phenolic content than the ethanolic extracts. Also, no correlation was found between total phenolics and antioxidant activity. In relation to the ACE inhibition, only ethanolic extracts had inhibitory activity.
Asunto(s)
Ginkgo biloba/química , Hiperglucemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipertensión/tratamiento farmacológico , Modelos Biológicos , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Hojas de la Planta/química , Inhibidores de la Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina/farmacología , Animales , Antioxidantes/análisis , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Inhibidores de Glicósido Hidrolasas , Quempferoles/farmacología , Peptidil-Dipeptidasa A/metabolismo , Fenoles/análisis , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Quercetina/farmacología , Conejos , Estaciones del Año , alfa-Amilasas/antagonistas & inhibidoresRESUMEN
Local food diversity and traditional crops are essential for cost-effective management of the global epidemic of type 2 diabetes and associated complications of hypertension. Water and 12% ethanol extracts of native Peruvian fruits such as Lucuma (Pouteria lucuma), Pacae (Inga feuille), Papayita arequipeña (Carica pubescens), Capuli (Prunus capuli), Aguaymanto (Physalis peruviana), and Algarrobo (Prosopis pallida) were evaluated for total phenolics, antioxidant activity based on 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay, and functionality such as in vitro inhibition of alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) relevant for potential management of hyperglycemia and hypertension linked to type 2 diabetes. The total phenolic content ranged from 3.2 (Aguaymanto) to 11.4 (Lucuma fruit) mg/g of sample dry weight. A significant positive correlation was found between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity for the ethanolic extracts. No phenolic compound was detected in Lucuma (fruit and powder) and Pacae. Aqueous extracts from Lucuma and Algarrobo had the highest alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Papayita arequipeña and Algarrobo had significant ACE inhibitory activities reflecting antihypertensive potential. These in vitro results point to the excellent potential of Peruvian fruits for food-based strategies for complementing effective antidiabetes and antihypertension solutions based on further animal and clinical studies.
Asunto(s)
Inhibidores de la Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina/farmacología , Antihipertensivos/farmacología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Inhibidores de Glicósido Hidrolasas , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Fenoles/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Inhibidores de la Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina/aislamiento & purificación , Antihipertensivos/aislamiento & purificación , Antihipertensivos/uso terapéutico , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Compuestos de Bifenilo , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/aislamiento & purificación , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/farmacología , Frutas , Hipoglucemiantes/aislamiento & purificación , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Indicadores y Reactivos , Magnoliopsida/química , Medicina Tradicional , Perú , Fenoles/análisis , Picratos , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Plantas Medicinales/químicaRESUMEN
Commonly consumed carbohydrate sweeteners derived from sugar cane, palm, and corn (syrups) were investigated to determine their potential to inhibit key enzymes relevant to Type 2 diabetes and hypertension based on the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity using in vitro models. Among sugar cane derivatives, brown sugars showed higher antidiabetes potential than white sugars; nevertheless, no angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition was detected in both sugar classes. Brown sugar from Peru and Mauritius (dark muscovado) had the highest total phenolic content and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, which correlated with a moderate inhibition of yeast alpha-glucosidase without showing a significant effect on porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase activity. In addition, chlorogenic acid quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography was detected in these sugars (128 +/- 6 and 144 +/- 2 microg/g of sample weight, respectively). Date sugar exhibited high alpha-glucosidase, alpha-amylase, and ACE inhibitory activities that correlated with high total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Neither phenolic compounds or antioxidant activity was detected in corn syrups, indicating that nonphenolic factors may be involved in their significant ability to inhibit alpha-glucosidase, alpha-amylase, and ACE. This study provides a strong biochemical rationale for further in vivo studies and useful information to make better dietary sweetener choices for Type 2 diabetes and hypertension management.
Asunto(s)
Antihipertensivos/farmacología , Carbohidratos/farmacología , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Edulcorantes/farmacología , Inhibidores de la Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina/farmacología , Antioxidantes/análisis , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Ácido Clorogénico/análisis , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/enzimología , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Inhibidores de Glicósido Hidrolasas , Fenoles/análisis , Lactógeno Placentario , alfa-Amilasas/antagonistas & inhibidoresRESUMEN
Fruits of seven fully ripened strawberry cultivars grown in Brazil (Dover, Camp Dover, Camarosa, Sweet Charlie, Toyonoka, Oso Grande, and Piedade) were evaluated for total phenolics, antioxidant activity based on DPPH radical scavenging assay, and functionality such as inhibition of alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) relevant for potentially managing hyperglycemia and hypertension. The total phenolics content ranged from 966 to 1571 microg of gallic acid/g of fruit fresh weight for Toyonoka and Dover, respectively. No correlation was found between total phenolics and antioxidant activity. The major phenolic compounds in aqueous extracts of strawberries were ellagic acid, quercetin, and chlorogenic acid. Strawberries had high alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity. However, alpha-amylase inhibitory activity was very low in all cultivars. This suggested that strawberries could be considered as a potential dietary source with anti-hyperglycemic potential. The evaluated cultivars had no significant ACE inhibitory activity, reflecting low anti-hypertensive potential.