RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Collagen fibers are the main element of gingival connective tissue and contribute a leading role in the preservation of structural integrity and tissue function. Hence, its degradation is regarded as the main marker of periodontal disease progression. AIM: The aim of this study is to analyze and compare collagen fibers, their birefringence pattern in healthy and in diseased gingival tissues stained using picrosirius red stain (PRS) and the polarizing microscope. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 90 participants screened were divided into the control group (healthy gingiva) and experimental group (moderate periodontitis and severe periodontitis) based on the clinical parameters. Gingival tissue sections were stained with PRS and observed under the polarized microscope to assess the type of collagen fibers in healthy and diseased gingival tissue. Statistical analysis was performed using the one-way ANOVA and Tukey multiple comparison test. RESULTS: The healthy group revealed well-packed collagen in a parallel pattern with a strong birefringence, whereas in severe periodontitis group showed loosely packed collagen fibers in a haphazard pattern suggestive of severe destruction of the extracellular matrix. The moderate periodontitis group had a blended mixture of thick and thin fibers. CONCLUSIONS: Collagen fibers showed birefringence property when stained with PRS that helps in a better understanding of normal and pathological conditions.

RESUMEN

In the modern world, men and women are very much concerned about their esthetic appearance. The gingival perspective of esthetics is more often concerned with the soft tissue envelope surrounding the teeth. Gingival enlargement/overgrowth is numerous in nature and often poses a clinical challenge by altering the function, resulting in poor oral health of an individual. Tacrolimus, an immunosuppressive drug, has been broadly used for organ-transplant rejection. It results in much less severe hypertension, hypertrichosis and gingival overgrowth compared to cyclosporine and calcium channel blocker-induced gingival enlargements. However, there is scanty literature available regarding the tacrolimus-induced gingival enlargements. Therefore, the present case report with a 6-month follow-up period describes the execution of the proper treatment plan and surgical protocol for the management of a severe case of generalized gingival enlargement attributed to tacrolimus-induced therapy following renal transplant.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Stress classically describes a destructive notion that can have a bearing on one's physical and mental health. It may also add to an increased propensity to periodontal disease. AIM: To investigate the association between psychological stress and serum cortisol levels in patients with chronic periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty subjects were recruited from the outpatient department at the Department of Periodontics, from a college in Mangalore, divided into two groups, i.e., twenty as healthy controls and twenty were stressed subjects with chronic periodontitis. The clinical examination included the assessment of probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level and oral hygiene index-simplified. Serum cortisol levels were estimated biochemically using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method and the estimation of psychological stress was done by a questionnaire. RESULTS: Descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation was used to review the collected data. Independent sample t-test was used for comparison and correlation was evaluation using Pearson's correlation test. As per our observation, high serum cortisol levels and psychological stress are positively linked with chronic periodontitis establishing a risk profile showing a significant correlation (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Routine serum cortisol assessment may be a reasonable and a valuable investigative indicator to rule out stress in periodontitis patients as it should be considered as an imperative risk factor for periodontal disease.

RESUMEN

CONTEXT: In most women bone mass reaches its peak in the third decade of life and declines thereafter with the onset of menopause and might lead to osteoporosis. Osteoporosis may result in reduced jaw bone mass and alterations of the mandibular structure. Qualitative and quantitative indices have been used for panoramic radiographs to assess the alveolar bone quality. AIMS: The purpose of this study was to compare the alveolar bone quality of premenopausal and postmenopausal women using the panoramic mandibular index (PMI). This study also aimed to estimate the levels of serum calcium in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Single centre case control study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 30 patients were divided into three groups of ten each - the healthy group, control group, and study group. Alveolar bone mass was evaluated by the PMI. Serum calcium was also assessed for all the patients. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis by one-way analysis of variance using Statistical Software SPSS version 17, Tukey test for comparision, Pearson's correlation coefficient was employed. RESULTS: Premenopausal women had the highest values for alveolar cortical bone mass as recorded by the PMI, followed by postmenopausal women with a healthy periodontium. The lowest values were recorded in the group of postmenopausal women with chronic generalized periodontitis. Similar results were found for serum calcium values. CONCLUSION: Postmenopausal women exhibit a reduced alveolar bone mass and lowered levels of serum total calcium with the increasing age. These changes may be useful indicators for low skeletal bone mineral density or osteoporosis.

Asunto(s)

Proceso Alveolar/diagnóstico por imagen , Densidad Ósea/fisiología , Calcio/sangre , Posmenopausia/fisiología , Premenopausia/fisiología , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangre , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Periodontitis Crónica/sangre , Periodontitis Crónica/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Humanos , Mandíbula/diagnóstico por imagen , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pérdida de la Inserción Periodontal/sangre , Pérdida de la Inserción Periodontal/diagnóstico por imagen , Posmenopausia/sangre , Premenopausia/sangre , Radiografía Panorámica

RESUMEN

The interrelationship between periodontal and endodontic disease has aroused confusion, queries and controversy. Differentiating between periodontal and endodontic problems can be difficult. A symptomatic tooth may have pain of periodontal and/or pulpal origin. The nature of that pain is often the first clue in determining the etiology of such a problem. Radiographic and clinical evaluation can help clarify the nature of the problem. In some cases, the influence of pulpal pathology may create periodontal involvement. In others, periodontal pathology may create pulpal pathology. This review article discusses the various clinical aspects to be considered for accurately diagnosing and treating endo-perio lesions.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedades de la Pulpa Dental/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Periodontales/diagnóstico , Protocolos Clínicos , Fístula Dental/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de la Pulpa Dental/terapia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Enfermedades Periodontales/terapia , Ligamento Periodontal/patología , Ápice del Diente/patología , Odontalgia/diagnóstico

RESUMEN

In the last few decades, there have been tremendous advances in the mechanical properties and methods of fabrication of ceramic materials. While porcelain-based materials are still a major component of the market, there have been moves to replace metal ceramics systems with all ceramic systems. Advances in bonding techniques have increased the range and scope for use of ceramics in dentistry. In this brief review, we will discuss advances in ceramic materials and fabrication techniques. Examples of the microstructure property relationships for these ceramic materials will also be addressed.