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AIM: To explore the status quo of self-management among young adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the determinants of self-management under the guidance of social cognitive theory. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. METHODS: In total, 227 young adults (18-44 years old) with T2DM at two hospitals in Beijing completed the questionnaires. The Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities (SDSCA) was used, along with additional questionnaires about diabetes self-efficacy, attitude, diabetes distress, diabetes knowledge, coping styles and social support. Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression were used to explore the related factors of self-management among the young patients. RESULTS: The scores for the SDSCA in diet, exercise, blood-glucose testing, foot care and medication taking were (4.16 ± 1.51), (3.46 ± 2.50), (2.28 ± 2.24), (1.08 ± 1.84) and (6.09 ± 1.88), respectively. Stepwise multiple linear regression showed that fasting blood-glucose value was significantly associated with self-management behaviours of diet, exercise, blood-glucose testing and medication taking. Self-efficacy was significantly associated with self-management behaviours of diet, exercise and foot care. Diabetes distress, diabetes-related social activity, confrontation, education, duration of T2DM, treatment modalities and diabetes knowledge were associated with the one or two dimensions of SDSCA in the young adults with T2DM.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Automanejo , Humanos , Adulto Joven , Adolescente , Adulto , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/psicología , Estudios Transversales , Pueblos del Este de Asia , GlucosaRESUMEN
Product retention in hollow fibers is a common issue in ATF-based cell culture system. In this study, the effects of four major process factors on product (therapeutic antibody/recombinant protein) retention were investigated using Chinese hamster ovary cell. Hollow fibers made of polysulfone presented a product retention rate from 15% ± 8 to 43% ± 18% higher than those made of polyether sulfone varying with specific processes. Higher harvest flowrate and ATF exchange rate increased product retention by 13% ± 10% and up to 31% ± 13%, respectively. Hollow fibers with larger pore sizes (0.65 µm) appeared to have increased product retention by 38% ± 7% compared with smaller ones (0.2 µm) in this study. Further investigation revealed that the effects of pore size on retention could be correlated to the particle size distribution in the cell culture broth. A hollow fiber with a larger pore size (>0.5 µm) may reduce protein retention when small particles (approximately 0.01-0.2 µm in diameter) are dominant in the culture. However, if majority of the particles are larger than 0.2 µm in diameter, hollow fiber with smaller pore sizes (0.2 µm) could be a solution to reducing product retention. Alternatively, process optimization may modulate particle size distribution towards reduced production retention with selected ATF hollow fibers. This study for the first time highlights the importance of matching proper pore sizes of hollow fibers with the cell culture particles distribution and offers methods to reducing product retention and ATF column clogging in perfusion cell cultures. KEY POINTS: The material of ATF column could impact product retention during perfusion culture. Higher harvest flowrate and ATF exchange rate increased product retention. Matching culture particle size and ATF pore size is critical for retention modulation.
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Reactores Biológicos , Técnicas de Cultivo de Célula , Animales , Células CHO , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , PerfusiónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of oridonin on the human acute lymphocytic leukemia cell line Jurkat and its mechanism. METHODS: Jurkat cells were cultured in vitro and treated with various concentrations (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, and 10â µmol/L) of oridonin for different lengths of time (24, 48, and 72â hours). The proliferation of Jurkat cells was analyzed by MTT assay. The changes in nuclear morphology were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy at 12 hours after treatment with various concentrations of oridonin. The expression levels of Brg1, P53, and C-myc were determined by semi-quantitative Western blot in Jurkat cells treated with various concentrations of oridonin for 24â hours or 5â µmol/L oridonin for various lengths of time (0, 2, 6, 12, and 24â hours). The expression levels of P53 and C-myc and proliferation of Jurkat cells were evaluated after Brg1 expression was knocked down by Brg1-specific siRNA. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the proliferation of oridonin-treated Jurkat cells was significantly inhibited in a concentration- and time-dependent manner (P<0.05). According to the florescence microscopic analysis, oridonin treatment led to nuclear pyknosis in Jurkat cells. Compared with the control group, Jurkat cells treated with 5â µmol/L oridonin had reduced expression of Brg1 and C-myc but elevated expression of P53. Brg1 knock-down led to a significant reduction in proliferation of Jurkat cells (P<0.05), up-regulated expression of P53, and down-regulated expression of C-myc. CONCLUSIONS: Oridonin can inhibit the proliferation of Jurkat cells, probably via the Brg1 signaling pathway.
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Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , ADN Helicasas/fisiología , Diterpenos de Tipo Kaurano/farmacología , Proteínas Nucleares/fisiología , Factores de Transcripción/fisiología , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , ADN Helicasas/análisis , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Regulación hacia Abajo , Humanos , Células Jurkat , Proteínas Nucleares/análisis , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/tratamiento farmacológico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-myc/análisis , Transducción de Señal/fisiología , Factores de Transcripción/análisis , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/análisisRESUMEN
Glucose oxidase (GOD) is an important industrial enzyme with many potential applications. In order to increase the production and productivity of GOD by recombinant Pichia pastoris GS115, we investigated the feeding strategies of mixed carbon sources during induction phase, based on results of the optimization of initial cell and methanol concentration on GOD production. The optimal initial cell and methanol concentration were 100 g/L and 18 g/L. During induction phase, the mixed-carbon-sources strategies showed that glycerol, sorbitol or mannitol co-feeding with methanol could enhance GOD production. With mannitol co-feeding (20:1(W/W)), the maximum GOD production and maximum GOD productivity reached 711.3 U/mL and 4.60 U/(mL x h) after an induction period of 156 h. Compared to the control, the enhancements of GOD production and productivity were 66.3% and 67.9%, respectively. Meanwhile, we found an appropriate mannitol co-feeding strategy that would not inhibit the expression of promote. The activity of alcohol oxidase was 8.8 U/g, which was enhanced by 69.2% compared to the control (5.2 U/g). We can use the same optimization process to improve the production of other proteins from recombinant Pichia pastoris by changing the fermentation parameters.