RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignant gastrointestinal tumor that can result in high mortality. Surgery and chemotherapy are often used for the effective treatment of GC. In addition, lymph node metastasis is a significant factor affecting the therapy of GC. Current researches have revealed that gut microbiota has the potential as biomarkers to distinguish healthy people and GC patients. However, the relationship between surgery, chemotherapy, and lymph node metastasis is still unclear. METHODS: In this study, 16S rRNA sequencing was used to investigate 157 GC fecal samples to identify the role of surgery, chemotherapy, and lymph node metastasis. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to value the expression of Ki67, HER2 in GC patient tissues. RESULTS: There exist some gut microbiotas which can distinguish surgery from non-surgery GC patients, including Enterococcus, Megasphaera, Corynebacterium, Roseburia, and Lachnospira. Differences between lymph node metastasis and chemotherapy in GC patients are not significant. Moreover, we found the abundance of Blautia, Ruminococcus, Oscillospira were related to the expression of Ki67 and the abundance of Prevotella, Lachnospira, Eubacterium, Desulfovibiro were correlated with the expression of HER2. CONCLUSIONS: The choice of treatment has a certain impact on the intestinal flora of patients with gastric cancer. Our research shows that surgery has a great effect on the intestinal flora of patients with gastric cancer. However, there were no significant differences in the characteristics of intestinal flora in patients with gastric cancer whether they received chemotherapy or whether they had lymph node metastasis. In addition, the association of gut microbiota with Ki67 and HER2 indicators is expected to provide the possibility of gut microbiota as a tumor prognostic marker.

Asunto(s)

Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Neoplasias Gástricas , Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Gastrectomía , Humanos , Antígeno Ki-67 , Ganglios Linfáticos/patología , Metástasis Linfática/patología , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/patología

RESUMEN

Presence of the relatively new sulfonylurea herbicide monosulfuron-ester at 0.03-300 nmol/L affected the growth of two non-target nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria (Anabaena flos-aquae and Anabaena azotica) and substantially inhibited in vitro Acetolactate synthase activity, with IC50 of 3.3 and 101.3 nmol/L for A. flos-aquae and A. azotica, respectively. Presenting in 30-300 nmol/L, it inhibited protein synthesis of the cyanobacteria with less amino acids produced as its concentration increased. Our findings support the view that monosulfuron-ester toxicity in both nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria is due to its interference with protein metabolism via inhibition of branch-chain amino acid biosynthesis, and particularly Acetolactate synthase activity.(AU)

Asunto(s)

Ésteres , Cianobacterias/metabolismo , Dolichospermum flos-aquae/metabolismo , Acetolactato Sintasa , Aminoácidos , Bacterias Fijadoras de Nitrógeno

RESUMEN

Abstract Presence of the relatively new sulfonylurea herbicide monosulfuron-ester at 0.03-300 nmol/L affected the growth of two non-target nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria (Anabaena flos-aquae and Anabaena azotica) and substantially inhibited in vitro Acetolactate synthase activity, with IC50 of 3.3 and 101.3 nmol/L for A. flos-aquae and A. azotica, respectively. Presenting in 30-300 nmol/L, it inhibited protein synthesis of the cyanobacteria with less amino acids produced as its concentration increased. Our findings support the view that monosulfuron-ester toxicity in both nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria is due to its interference with protein metabolism via inhibition of branch-chain amino acid biosynthesis, and particularly Acetolactate synthase activity.

Asunto(s)

Pirimidinas/toxicidad , Compuestos de Sulfonilurea/toxicidad , Anabaena/efectos de los fármacos , Anabaena/metabolismo , Dolichospermum flos-aquae/efectos de los fármacos , Dolichospermum flos-aquae/metabolismo , Ésteres/toxicidad , Herbicidas/toxicidad , Fijación del Nitrógeno/efectos de los fármacos , Anabaena/genética , Dolichospermum flos-aquae/genética , Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Nitrógeno/metabolismo

RESUMEN

Presence of the relatively new sulfonylurea herbicide monosulfuron-ester at 0.03-300nmol/L affected the growth of two non-target nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria (Anabaena flos-aquae and Anabaena azotica) and substantially inhibited in vitro Acetolactate synthase activity, with IC50 of 3.3 and 101.3nmol/L for A. flos-aquae and A. azotica, respectively. Presenting in 30-300nmol/L, it inhibited protein synthesis of the cyanobacteria with less amino acids produced as its concentration increased. Our findings support the view that monosulfuron-ester toxicity in both nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria is due to its interference with protein metabolism via inhibition of branch-chain amino acid biosynthesis, and particularly Acetolactate synthase activity.

Asunto(s)

Anabaena/efectos de los fármacos , Anabaena/metabolismo , Dolichospermum flos-aquae/efectos de los fármacos , Dolichospermum flos-aquae/metabolismo , Ésteres/toxicidad , Herbicidas/toxicidad , Fijación del Nitrógeno/efectos de los fármacos , Pirimidinas/toxicidad , Compuestos de Sulfonilurea/toxicidad , Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Anabaena/genética , Dolichospermum flos-aquae/genética , Nitrógeno/metabolismo

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Wilms' tumour (WT) is very rare in adults but very common in children. Treatment guidelines for adult patients with WT are still insufficient. Some study groups recommend that therapeutic protocols for adults with WT (AWT) should follow the guidelines that have been established for children. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and pathological characteristics of AWT as well as the treatment protocols and outcomes for AWT at our treatment centre. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seven patients (5 females and 2 males) were diagnosed with AWT in our hospital between 2002 and 2009. The tumours were staged and the patients were treated according to the paediatric regimen recommended by the National Wilms' Tumor Study Group. RESULTS: The median patient age at the time of diagnosis was 29 years (range, 16-37 years). Flank pain was the most common clinical presentation. One patient was in Stage I of disease development, two were in Stage II, two were in Stage III and two were in Stage IV. Anaplasia was present in 3 patients with Stage III or Stage IV disease. All of the patients but one underwent nephrectomy and 2 incomplete surgeries were performed. Seven patients received 2-drug or 3-drug chemotherapy (dactinomycin and vincristine and/or doxorubicin). Two patients with Stage III disease also received radiation therapy (a total dose of 3600 or 3960 cGy). Complete remission was achieved in 4 patients. Three patients (one with Stage III disease, 2 patients with Stage IV disease) died of their disease and those patients were all classified with an unfavourable histological type called anaplasia. With a median follow-up of 53.5 months (range, 40-102 months), the 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates were 57.1% (95% confidence interval, 20.4-93.8%). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this report suggest that histological anaplasia might be an adverse prognostic factor for AWT. Proper application of the diagnostic and therapeutic regimens established for children may improve the prognosis of adult patients with WT.

Asunto(s)

Neoplasias Renales/terapia , Tumor de Wilms/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Terapia Combinada , Dactinomicina/administración & dosificación , Doxorrubicina/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Humanos , Neoplasias Renales/mortalidad , Masculino , Nefrectomía/métodos , Nefrectomía/estadística & datos numéricos , Radioterapia Adyuvante/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Análisis de Supervivencia , Resultado del Tratamiento , Vincristina/administración & dosificación , Tumor de Wilms/mortalidad , Adulto Joven

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To investigate genetic and lifestyle factors and their interactions on plasma homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations in the Boston Puerto Rican population. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. Plasma concentrations of Hcy, folate, vitamin B12 and pyridoxal phosphate were measured, and genetic polymorphisms were determined. Data on lifestyle factors were collected in interviews. SETTING: A population survey of health and nutritional measures. SUBJECTS: A total of 994 Puerto Rican men and women residing in the Boston metropolitan area. RESULTS: Smoking status was positively associated with plasma Hcy. Genetic polymorphisms MTHFR 677C→T, FOLH1 1561C→T, FOLH1 rs647370 and PCFT 928A→G interacted significantly with smoking for Hcy. MTHFR 1298A→C (P = 0·040) and PCFT 928A→G (P = 0·002) displayed significant interactions with alcohol intake in determining plasma Hcy. Subjects with PCFT 928GG genotype had significantly higher plasma Hcy concentrations compared with carriers of the A allele (AA+AG; P = 0·030) among non-drinking subjects. When consuming alcohol, GG subjects had lower plasma Hcy levels compared with AA+AG subjects. Physical activity interacted significantly with MTR 2756A→G in determining plasma Hcy (P for interaction = 0·002). Smoking interacted with physical activity for plasma Hcy (P for interaction = 0·023). CONCLUSIONS: Smoking and drinking were associated plasma Hcy concentrations. Genetic variants involved in folate metabolism further modify the effects of lifestyle on plasma Hcy.

Asunto(s)

Ácido Fólico/sangre , Interacción Gen-Ambiente , Homocisteína/sangre , Estilo de Vida/etnología , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Anciano , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/etnología , Alelos , Boston , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Genotipo , Glutamato Carboxipeptidasa II/genética , Glutamato Carboxipeptidasa II/metabolismo , Humanos , Modelos Lineales , Masculino , Metilenotetrahidrofolato Reductasa (NADPH2)/genética , Metilenotetrahidrofolato Reductasa (NADPH2)/metabolismo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Actividad Motora , Transportador de Folato Acoplado a Protón/genética , Transportador de Folato Acoplado a Protón/metabolismo , Puerto Rico/etnología , Factores Sexuales , Fumar/etnología , Vitamina B 12/sangre

RESUMEN

DNA oxidative stress has been suggested as an important pathogenic mechanism in cognitive impairment and dementia. With baseline data collected from 2004 to 2008, the authors examined whether urinary 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a biomarker of global DNA oxidation, was associated with cognitive function in a sample of 1,003 Puerto Rican adults, aged 45-75 years, living in Boston, Massachusetts, and the surrounding area. Cognitive function was measured by using a battery of 7 tests: the Mini-Mental State Examination, word list learning, digit span, clock drawing and figure copying, Stroop, and verbal fluency tests. The primary outcome was a global cognitive score, averaging standardized scores across all cognitive tests. A higher 8-OHdG concentration was significantly associated with lower global cognitive scores, after adjustment for age, education, status of the gene for apolipoprotein E (APOE), and other covariates (P(trend) = 0.01). The difference in the global score, comparing participants in the 2 extreme 8-OHdG quartiles, was -0.11 (95% confidence interval: -0.20, -0.02), which was equivalent to accelerating cognitive aging by about 4 years, as observed in this population. Prospective studies are needed to elucidate whether elevated urinary 8-OHdG concentrations can predict the rate of cognitive decline and incident dementia.

Asunto(s)

Trastornos del Conocimiento/etnología , Trastornos del Conocimiento/orina , Desoxiguanosina/análogos & derivados , 8-Hidroxi-2'-Desoxicoguanosina , Anciano , Anticuerpos Monoclonales , Apolipoproteínas E/genética , Trastornos del Conocimiento/diagnóstico , Demencia/diagnóstico , Demencia/etnología , Demencia/orina , Desoxiguanosina/orina , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Massachusetts/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Estrés Oxidativo/genética , Prevalencia , Puerto Rico/etnología , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The S-adenosylmethionine synthetase type 1 (MAT1A) gene encodes a key enzyme in one-carbon nutrient metabolism. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the association of MAT1A variants with homocysteine, DNA damage, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). DESIGN: Eight variants of MAT1A were examined for associations with hypertension, stroke, CVD, homocysteine, and DNA damage in 1006 participants of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study. Two variants were replicated in 1147 participants of the Nutrition, Aging, and Memory in Elders Study. RESULTS: Two variants and haplotypes were strongly associated with hypertension and stroke, independent of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) variants. Homozygotes of the MAT1A d18777A (rs3851059) allele had a significantly greater likelihood of stroke (odds ratio: 4.30; 95% CI: 1.34, 12.19; P = 0.006), whereas 3U1510A (rs7087728) homozygotes had a lower likelihood of hypertension (odds ratio: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.48, 0.95; P = 0.022) and stroke (odds ratio: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.82; P = 0.015). A similar trend of association was observed in a second elderly population. Furthermore, strong interactions between MAT1A genotypes and vitamin B-6 status were found. Carriers of the nonrisk allele 3U1510A had a lower 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine concentration--a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage--when plasma vitamin B-6 was high, whereas homozygotes for the risk-allele 3U1510G had higher 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine concentrations, regardless of vitamin B-6 status. CONCLUSIONS: MAT1A variants were strongly associated with hypertension and stroke. Improving folate and vitamin B-6 status might decrease the CVD risk of only a subset of the population, depending on genotype. These findings suggest that impairments in methylation activity, independent of homocysteine, have an effect on CVD risk.

Asunto(s)

Daño del ADN , Ácido Fólico/sangre , Variación Genética , Hipertensión/genética , Metionina Adenosiltransferasa/genética , Accidente Cerebrovascular/genética , Vitamina B 6/sangre , Adulto , Anciano , Boston , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/genética , Trastornos del Conocimiento/genética , Femenino , Genotipo , Homocisteína/sangre , Humanos , Hipertensión/prevención & control , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Memoria , Persona de Mediana Edad , Puerto Rico/etnología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/prevención & control

RESUMEN

Based on the catch amount data of Chinese squid jigger vessels from January to July 2006 and the sea current, sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a (chl-a) data derived from satellites, the characteristics of Illex argentinus fishing grounds, their productivity, and environment factors in southwest Atlantic were analyzed. There were two main I. argentinus fishing grounds in southwest Atlantic, one in its south part (60 degrees 30' W, 45 degrees 30' S) and the other in the north part (58 degrees 00' W, 42 degrees 00' S). From January to July, the main fishing grounds migrated from south to north. The productivity fluctuated notably in different months, being higher from January to April and the highest in March. After May, the productivity decreased gradually. The locations of the fishing grounds had close relationships with Falkland cold current. North fishing ground located at the main axis of the current, with a current speed of about 28-60 cm x s(-1); and south fishing ground located at the west of the current, with a small scale anticyclone and a current speed of about 5-32 cm x s(-1). The favorable SST in the fishing grounds was 7 degrees C-15 degrees C, with a favorite SST of 12 degrees C, and the favorable chl-a concentration was 0.4-1.5 mg x m(-3), with a favorite chl-a concentration of 0.9-1.2 mg x m(-3). A significant positive relationship was observed between I. argentinus productivity and chl-a concentration (P < 0.05).

Asunto(s)

Decapodiformes/crecimiento & desarrollo , Ecosistema , Ambiente , Explotaciones Pesqueras , Animales , Océano Atlántico , Clorofila/análisis , Clorofila A , Decapodiformes/fisiología , Agua de Mar/análisis , Temperatura

RESUMEN

Wind plays an important role in regulating mixing/stratification, estuarine circulation, and transport timescale in estuaries. A three-dimensional model was used to investigate the effect of wind on transport time by using the concept of water age (WA) in the tidal Rappahannock River, a western tributary of the Chesapeake Bay, USA. The model was calibrated for water level, current, and salinity. A series of experiments regarding the effects of wind on WA was conducted under various dynamic conditions. The effect of wind on transport timescale depends strongly on the competition between the wind and buoyancy forcings, and on the pre-status of the circulation. A down-estuary wind generally decreases WA along the estuary. An up-estuary wind increases WA substantially because it changes the vertical mixing and estuarine circulation more significantly. When the buoyancy forcing increases, the up-estuary wind effect decreases whereas the down-estuary wind effect increases. A 2-day period wind pulse with a maximum speed of 15 ms(-1) can alter WA for 3 days; but the wind influence on WA lasts up to 40 days in the simulation. Both local and non-local wind forcings alter WA distribution. The local wind enhances vertical mixing and changes the gravitational circulation in the downstream portion of the estuary whereas it enhances transport in the freshwater portion of the estuary. Consequently, the local wind has a significant impact on WA distribution. In contrast, the non-local wind does not change the gravitational circulation significantly by imposing setup (setdown) of water level at the open boundary, resulting in a lesser impact on WA distribution.

Asunto(s)

Ríos , Movimientos del Agua , Agua/análisis , Viento , Simulación por Computador , Modelos Teóricos , Salinidad , Islas Virgenes de los Estados Unidos , Agua/química