RESUMEN
This study presents a rare case of an older woman with an intracranial mesenchymal tumor in the right frontal and parietal lobes. Despite prompt surgical intervention, her condition rapidly deteriorated because of tumor dissemination, leading to her demise. We highlight the tumor's marked invasiveness and heterogeneity, coupled with a propensity for distant systemic metastasis, which negatively impacted the patient's prognosis. This particular clinical behavior had not been previously reported, making this a novel observation. Thus, through a comprehensive review of relevant literature, we aim to provide valuable insights for further understanding, diagnosing, and treating such tumors.
RESUMEN
Epimedii Folium is a well-known Chinese herbal medicine with the effect of nourishing kidney and strengthening Yang. Its main active ingredients are flavonoids. In this study, 60 samples of Epimedium sagittatum were collected for the determination of total flavonoids(TF) including the total amount of epimedin A, epimedin B, epimedin C, and icariin(abbreviated as ABCI) specified in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia as well as rhamnosylicariside â ¡ and icariside â ¡. The calibration parameters of "first derivativemultiva-riate scattering correction in 1 900-650 cm~(-1) band(4-point smoothing)" and "first derivativestandard normal variable correction in 4 000-650 cm~(-1) full band(4-point smoothing)" were confirmed respectively. The quantitative model was established via Fourier infrared spectroscopy plus attenuated total reflection(FTIR-ATR) accessory combined with partial least squares(PLS) method and then used to predict the flavonoid content of 11 validation sets. The average prediction accuracy for ABCI in calibration set and validation set was 98.985% and 96.087%, respectively. The average prediction accuracy for TF in calibration set and validation set was 98.998% and 94.771%, respectively. These results indicated that FTIR-ATR combined with PLS model could be used for rapid prediction of flavonoid content in E. sagittatum, with the prediction accuracy above 94.7%. The establishment of this method provides a new solution for the detection of a large number of E. sagittatum samples.
Asunto(s)
Epimedium , Epimedium/química , Flavonoides/química , Hojas de la Planta , Análisis de los Mínimos Cuadrados , Espectrofotometría InfrarrojaRESUMEN
In this study, 10 PA-type Perilla germplasms were selected to detect the content of two phenolic acids, i.e., rosmarinic acid(RA) and caffeic acid(CA), and six flavonoids, including scutellarin-7-O-diglucuronoside(SDG), luteolin-7-O-diglucuronoside(LDG), apigenin-7-O-diglucuronoside(ADG), scutellarin-7-O-glucuroside(SG), luteolin-7-O-glucuroside(LG), and apigenin-7-O-glucuroside(AG) in leaves, stems, and fruits. The total content of phenolic acids and flavonoids in leaves was 3.991-12.028 mg·g~(-1) and 12.309-25.071 mg·g~(-1), respectively, which was much higher than that in stems(0.586-2.015 mg·g~(-1) and 0.879-1.413 mg·g~(-1), respectively) and fruits(0.004-2.222 mg·g~(-1) and 0.651-1.936 mg·g~(-1), respectively). RA was detected in five fruit samples, and RA content between leaves and fruits showed a significant negative correlation in the other five samples. For flavonoids, only LG and LDG could be detected in stems, and SG and SDG were not detected in fruits, while other flavonoids were not detected in some samples. The content of total flavonoids and LG in leaves and fruits was significantly positively correlated, and the content of LG in stems and fruits was significantly positively correlated. In 10 stem samples, seven met the standard that the content of RA in the stem should be not less than 0.1% specified in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition). Only one fruit sample reached the standard of RA content in the fruit not less than 0.25% specified in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.
Asunto(s)
Flavonoides , Perilla , Apigenina , Luteolina , Fenoles , Extractos Vegetales , Hojas de la PlantaRESUMEN
In this study, the growth index including plant height, compound leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf water content, number of branches, and leaf biomass per plant and the icariin flavonoids such as epimedin A, epimedin B, epimedin C and icariin of Epimedium pseudowushanense were determined on 30 d and 60 d under light intensity(18.2±2.5) µmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)(L1) and(90.9 ±2.5) µmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)(L2), and white light as control, red light, blue light and yellow light were used as three light quality treatments, to study the effect of light quality on the growth and flavonoids accumulation of E. pseudowushanense. The E. pseudowushanense was sui-table for growth under L1 light intensity, the blue light treatment significantly reduced the leaf area, but had little effect on the stem height, the red light treatment and the yellow light treatment had no obvious effect on the stem height and leaf area, but the yellow light treatment significantly increased the germination of new branches, and had a sustained promoting effect, and the biomass was significantly higher than the white light treatment at 60 d. The content of icariin flavonoids in red light, blue light and yellow light treatment was higher than that in white light treatment at 30 d and 60 d under L1 light intensity, while yellow light treatment promoted the synthesis of icariin flavonoids to the largest extent, which was 1.8 and 1.9 times of white light treatment(30 d and 60 d).Under L2 light intensity, the effect of strong light on promoting stem germination became the main factor, while the yellow light treatment showed no significant effect on promoting stem germination, and the red light treatment exhibited a significant effect on reducing leaf area. Icariin flavonoids under red light, blue light and yellow light treatment were all lower than that under white light treatment, that is, the effect of white light treatment on the synthesis of icariin flavonoids is better than red light, blue light and yellow light treatment. When the time of strong light treatment was longer, the degradation range of icariin flavonoids in other light treatment appeared, while red light treatment promotes the synthesis of icariin flavonoids. Therefore, the influence of light quality on E. pseudowushanense is quite different under different light intensity, no matter from growth index or flavonoid content index. The results support that the biomass and icariin flavonoid content can be increased by providing appropriate red and yellow light.
Asunto(s)
Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Epimedium , Flavonoides , Hojas de la PlantaRESUMEN
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a robust analytical platform for analysis of small molecules. Recently, it is widely used for large-scale metabolomics studies, in which hundreds or even thousands of samples are analyzed simultaneously, producing a very large and complex GC-MS datasets. A number of software are currently available for processing GC-MS data, but it is too compute-intensive for them to efficiently and accurately align chromatographic peaks from thousands of samples. Here, we report a newly developed software, QPMASS, for analysis of large-scale GC-MS data. The parallel computing with an advanced dynamic programming approach is implemented in QPMASS to align peaks from multiple samples based on retention time and mass spectra, enabling fast processing large-scale datasets. Furthermore, the missing value filtering and backfilling are introduced into the program, greatly reducing false positive and false negative errors to be less than 5%. We demonstrated that it took only 8 h to align and quantify a GC-TOF-MS dataset from 300 rice leaves samples, and 17 h to process a GC-qMS dataset from 1000 rice seed samples by using a personal computer (3.70 GHz CPU, 16 GB of memory and > 100 GB hard disk). QPMASS is written in C++ programming language, and is able to run under Windows operation system with a user-friendly interface.
Asunto(s)
Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Metabolómica/métodos , Programas Informáticos , Algoritmos , Conjuntos de Datos como Asunto , Microcomputadores , Oryza/metabolismoRESUMEN
In many organisms, trehalose acts as protective metabolite against harsh environmental stresses, such as freezing, drought, nutrient starvation, heat and salt. Herein a cDNA (designated as GbTPS, GenBank Accession Number AY884150) encoding a trehalose-6-phosphate synthase homologue was isolated and characterized from the living fossil plant, Ginkgo biloba, which is highly tolerant to drought and cold. GbTPS encoded an 868-amino-acid polypeptide with a predicted isoelectric point of 5.83 and molecular mass of 97.9 kD. Amino acid sequence alignment revealed that GbTPS shared high identity with class II trehalose-6-phosphate synthase homologues (67% identical to AtTPS7), but had only 17% and 23% of identity with OstA from Escherichia coli and ScTPS1 from S. cerevisiae, respectively. DNA gel blot analysis indicated that GbTPS belonged to a small multi-gene family. The expression analysis by RT-PCR showed that GbTPS expressed in a tissue-specific manner in G. biloba and might involve in leaf development. GbTPS was also found to be induced by a variety of stresses including cold, salt, drought and mannitol.
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Ginkgo biloba/enzimología , Glucosiltransferasas/química , Glucosiltransferasas/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Southern Blotting , Clonación Molecular , Frío , ADN Complementario/química , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Regulación Enzimológica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Ginkgo biloba/efectos de los fármacos , Ginkgo biloba/crecimiento & desarrollo , Glucosiltransferasas/efectos de los fármacos , Manitol/farmacología , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Filogenia , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Semillas/efectos de los fármacos , Semillas/enzimología , Semillas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Cloruro de Sodio/farmacologíaRESUMEN
We isolated a putative anthocyanidin reductase gene from Ginkgo biloba (designated as GbANR) by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The full-length cDNA of GbANR is 1451 bp long with poly(A) tail and contains a 1026 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 342 amino acids. The GbANR gene is composed of five exons and four introns. Sequence alignment shows that the deduced GbANR has a relatively high identity to other plant anthocyanidin reductases at the amino acid level. DNA gel blot analysis indicates that GbANR belongs to a small gene family. Transcription analysis indicates that GbANR is preferentially expressed in leaves.
Asunto(s)
Genes de Plantas , Ginkgo biloba/genética , NADH NADPH Oxidorreductasas/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Secuencia de Bases , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Alineación de SecuenciaRESUMEN
A novel agglutinin gene was cloned from Arisaema lobatum using SMART RACE-PCR technology. The full-length cDNA of Arisaema lobatum agglutinin (ala) was 1078 bp and contained a 774 bp open reading frame encoding a lectin precursor (proproprotein) of 258 amino acid residues with a 23 aa signal peptide. ALA contained three mannose-binding sites (QXDXNXVXY) with two-conserved domains of 45% identity, ALA-DOM1 and ALA-DOM2. The three-dimensional structure of ALA was very similar to that of GNA (Galanthus nivalis agglutinin). ALA shared varying identities, ranging from 40% to 85%, with mannose-binding lectins from other species of plant families, such as Araceae, Alliaceae, Iridaceae, Lillaceae, Amaryllidaceae and Bromeliaceae. Genomic sequence of ala was also cloned using genomic walker technology, and it was found to contain three putative TATA boxes and eight possible CAAT boxes in the 5'-flanking region. No intron was found within the region of genomic sequence. Southern blot analysis indicated that the ala belonged to a multi-copy gene family. Expression pattern analysis revealed that the ala preferentially expressed in the tissues with the higher expression being found in spadix, bud, leaf, spathe and tuber. The cloning of the ala gene not only provides a basis for further investigation of its structure, expression and regulation mechanism, but also enables us to test its potential role in controlling pests and fungal diseases by transferring the gene into plants in the future.
Asunto(s)
Aglutininas/genética , Arisaema/metabolismo , Aglutininas/química , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Secuencia de Bases , Sitios de Unión , Southern Blotting , Clonación Molecular , ADN/química , Cartilla de ADN/química , ADN Complementario/metabolismo , Evolución Molecular , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Biblioteca de Genes , Genes de Plantas , Genoma de Planta , Lectinas/química , Manosa/química , Modelos Moleculares , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Sistemas de Lectura Abierta , Filogenia , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Señales de Clasificación de Proteína , Estructura Terciaria de Proteína , ARN/química , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Homología de Secuencia de AminoácidoRESUMEN
A chalcone synthase (CHS) gene was cloned from Ginkgo biloba for the first time and it was also the first cloned gene involved in flavonoids metabolic pathway in G. biloba. The full-length cDNA of G. biloba CHS (designated as Gbchs) was 1608bp with poly(A) tailing and it contained a 1173bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 391 amino acid protein. Gbchs was found to have extensive homology with those of other plant chs genes via multiple alignments. The active sites of the CoA binding, coumaroyl pocket and cyclization pocket in CHS protein of Medicago sativa were also found in GbCHS. Molecular modeling of GbCHS indicated that the three-dimensional structure of GbCHS strongly resembled that of M. sativa (MsCHS2), implying GbCHS may have similar functions with MsCHS2. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that GbCHS had closer relationship with CHSs from gymnosperm plants than from other plants. Gbchs is a useful tool to study the regulation of flavonoids metabolism in G. biloba.
Asunto(s)
Aciltransferasas/genética , Ginkgo biloba/genética , Aciltransferasas/metabolismo , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Secuencia de Bases , Clonación Molecular , ADN Complementario , Evolución Molecular , Ginkgo biloba/enzimología , Ginkgo biloba/metabolismo , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Filogenia , Alineación de Secuencia , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
An EST related to the gene PCD was isolated from SSH (suppression subtractive hybridization) library of callus tissues of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Primers were designed to obtain its complete cDNA encoding putative apoptosis-related protein from Shanyou 63 (Oryza sativa L.). Sequencing indicated that the gene contained a 387 bp open reading frame, which encodes a protein containing 128 aa. Sequence alignment showed that the deduced protein is highly homologous to the known PDCD5. Real time quantitative PCR was performed to reveal that rPDCD5 was up-regulated in abiotic stress (low temperature and NaCl treatment).
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Reguladoras de la Apoptosis/genética , Apoptosis/genética , Oryza/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Secuencia de Bases , Clonación Molecular , Frío , ADN Complementario/química , ADN Complementario/genética , Etiquetas de Secuencia Expresada , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico/métodos , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Cloruro de Sodio/farmacologíaRESUMEN
A novel osClpD gene, encoding a highly conservative ClpD subfamily member, was first isolated and characterized from Oryza sativa. The full-length cDNA of osClpD gene was 3140 bp and contained a 2884 bp open reading frame encoding a 938 amino acid protein. The phylogenetic tree and blast search showed that OSClpD belonged to the ClpD subfamily of the Hsp100/Clp family, and contained all protein motifs characteristic for the ClpD subfamily of Hsp100/Clp proteins. The real-time quantitative PCR analysis proved that it was inducible by water deficit and temperature stress in vegetative tissues.
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Adenosina Trifosfatasas/genética , Oryza/genética , Filogenia , Serina Endopeptidasas/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Secuencia de Bases , Análisis por Conglomerados , Cartilla de ADN , ADN Complementario/genética , Desecación , Endopeptidasa Clp , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , TemperaturaRESUMEN
A subtractive cDNA library was constructed using rice (Oryza sativa L.) callus cDNA as driver and differentiating callus cDNA as tester. A novel cDNA fragment encoding RNase L inhibitor (RLI) was isolated by screening the subtractive library, which had a higher expression level in differentiating callus than in callus. The full-length cDNA of rice-RLI was obtained by the method of rapid amplification of cDNA ends, which contained a 1812-bp open reading frame encoding a 604 amino acid polypeptide. Homologous analysis showed that rice-RLI contained the conserved motifs (two repeated P-loops, two ATP-binding boxes and an iron-sulfur binding motif). The fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis showed that it was a constitutive expressed gene but up-regulated in abiotic stress (low temperature and NaCl treatment) and down-regulated under the treatments of NAA and IAA.
Asunto(s)
Transportadoras de Casetes de Unión a ATP/genética , Chaperoninas/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Oryza/genética , Secuencias de Aminoácidos , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Secuencia de Bases , Cartilla de ADN , ADN Complementario/genética , Fluorescencia , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Cloruro de Sodio , Temperatura , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
A new lectin gene was cloned from Zephyranthes candida by using RACE-PCR. The full-length cDNA of Zephyranthes candida agglutinin (ZCA) was 647 bp and contained a 477 bp open reading frame encoding a 159 amino acid protein. Zephyranthes candida lectin gene was found to encode a precursor lectin with signal peptide and had extensive homology with those of other plant lectins. Molecular modeling of ZCA indicated that the three-dimensional structure of ZCA strongly resembles that of the snowdrop lectin, implying ZCA may have the similar insecticidal functions with GNA.