RESUMEN
Phylogenetic relationships between the endemic baicalian green algae Draparnaldioides simplex C. meyer et Skabitsch, 1976 and holarctic taxa of green algae were studied using the fragment of 18S rDNA and internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS2 of nuclear DNA. We showed that the baicalian genus Draparnaldioides is a separate taxon. The genetic difference between Draparnaldioides and nonbaicalian taxa of the sister groups of the green algae are small enough to indicate relative youth of the genus Draparnaldioides and its recent radiation from a common ancestor with Draparnaldia and Chaetophora.
Asunto(s)
Chlorophyta/genética , ADN Intergénico/genética , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 18S/genética , Evolución Molecular , LagosRESUMEN
One of the intrones of the phosphofructokinase gene has been sequenced in seven species of endemic Baikalian gastropods of family Baicaliidae. The length of this introne differs even between sister species. Along with relatively few nucleotide substitutions numerous deletions and insertions accumulated. The number of deletions/insertions does not correlate to genetic distance between the species as estimated by comparing sequences of a mitochondrial fragment. Deduced tertiary structure differs markedly even between sister taxa although there is a consensus motif. Long RNA stems appearing and disappearing in course of evolution may contain regulatory RNAs and therefore the evolution of the introne may be non-neutral.
Asunto(s)
Evolución Molecular , Gastrópodos/genética , Intrones/fisiología , Fosfofructoquinasas/genética , Animales , Gastrópodos/enzimología , Fosfofructoquinasas/metabolismoRESUMEN
The dependence of the rate of neutral molecular evolution on biological parameters and demographic population factors was studied based on actual genetic information as an example and using the individual-oriented model of population dynamics. The first part of the study deals with tracing the neutral evolution occurring in the model concurrently with adaptive speciation. The second part concerns the effect of individual biological parameters and demographic population factors of members of the order Testudines (turtles) on the relative evolution rate of the mitochondrial CytB gene. Demographic population factors and individual biological parameters are shown to affect the rate of molecular evolution.
Asunto(s)
Evolución Molecular , Modelos Genéticos , Animales , ADN Mitocondrial/genética , Filogenia , Dinámica Poblacional , Tortugas/genéticaRESUMEN
Changes in the fluorescence of beta-carotene and chlorophyll a and their mixtures in different molar ratios under the action of hydrogen peroxide have been registered in two cases: (1) in Langmuir films and (2) in a complex with bovine serum albumin in water solution. Changes in the fluorescence of Langmuir-Shaefer films of Zn ethioporphyrine II under the action of hydrogen peroxide in different molar ratios have also been shown. No shifts of pigment band maxima have been registered.
Asunto(s)
Clorofila/química , Fluorescencia , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/química , beta Caroteno/química , Animales , Bovinos , Clorofila A , Albúmina Sérica Bovina/químicaRESUMEN
In gastropod mollusk Baicalia carinata Dybowski, 1875, sampled in different sites of the Lake Baikal, comparison of 81 sequences of internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) located between the genes for 18S rRNA and 5.8S rRNA, and of 100 sequences of the fragment of mitochondrial cytochrome-c-oxidase subunit 1 gene (CO1) was performed. Molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that the endemic mollusk species studied formed at least two distinct populations, Southwestern and Eastern. Statistical significance of the species subdivision into two populations was evaluated using the Mann-Whitney rank test.
Asunto(s)
ADN Espaciador Ribosómico/genética , Complejo IV de Transporte de Electrones/genética , Gastrópodos/genética , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 18S/genética , Animales , Genética de Población/métodos , SiberiaRESUMEN
Phylogenetic relationships within the class Clitellata were examined using nucleotide sequences of nuclear 18S ribosomal RNA gene fragments. In the analysis, the already determined sequences for the individual species representing the class members Hirudinea, Acanthobdellida, Branchiobdellida, and Oligochaeta were included. Furthermore, newly determined sequences of the thirteen representatives of the family Lumbriculidae. including 12 Baikalian endemic species, were analyzed. The hypothesis on the close relatedness of these four groups of Clitellata was supported. Leeches, branchiobdellidans, and lumbriculides form three independent parallel branches of evolution. These results were consistent with the hypothesis on the role of the family Lumbriculidae as a connecting link, or the transition form between the parasitic and free-living groups of Clitellata. At the same time, these data refute the suggestion that Lumbriculidae could be the ancestral lineage of other Oligochaeta. Moreover, polymorphic group of Baikalian lumbriculides clustered independently from the other representatives of the family, pointing to the uniqueness of the Baikalian fauna of oligochaetes, which was formed within relatively closed system of this ancient lake.
Asunto(s)
Oligoquetos/clasificación , Filogenia , Animales , Oligoquetos/genética , ARN Ribosómico 18S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , SiberiaRESUMEN
Using the data on 71 individual sequences of the gene for the mitochondrial cytochrome-c-oxidase subunit one, molecular and phylogenetic characterization of the Baikalian amphipod, Gmelinoides fasciatus (Crustacea, Amphipoda), was performed. Interspecific polymorphism was demonstrated. Four main amphipod populations, Southeastern, Southwestern, Northern, and Central, were distinguished. A low level of genetic diversity typical of Southwestern population was revealed. For its explanation, the bottleneck hypothesis was proposed.
Asunto(s)
Anfípodos/genética , Complejo IV de Transporte de Electrones/genética , Filogenia , Animales , Agua DulceAsunto(s)
Crustáceos/genética , ADN Mitocondrial/genética , Complejo IV de Transporte de Electrones/genética , Filogenia , Homología de Secuencia de Ácido Nucleico , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Crustáceos/clasificación , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Homología de Secuencia de AminoácidoRESUMEN
A reaction of native Drosophila proteins with an alkylating oligonucleotide derivative bearing 4-[(N-2-chlorethyl-N-methyl)amino]benzylamine at the 5' terminal phosphate has been investigated. It was found, that the reagent alkylates a few proteins (90, 50, 44, 39, 32 kDa). The modification was organ specific. The labeled 39 kDa protein is present in the ovaries only, while the modified 32 kDa protein is found only in the bulbus.