RESUMEN

The present research evaluated the protective effect of basil essential oil nanoemulsion (BNO) and its parent basil essential oil (BO) towards steatohepatitis. Chemical composition of BO was assessed followed by formulation into different BNOs using the low energy spontaneous emulsification technique. An ideal formula of BNO was selected among the others based on its ultra-fine particle size (15.42 nm) and physical stability at 25-37°C, which was then tested in steatohepatitis rat model along with BO. Rats were divided into four groups, the first was fed on balanced diet (C), and the other groups were maintained on high fructose saturated fat diet deficient in choline to induce steatohepatitis, one of such groups served as control steatohepatitis (SC), the other groups received daily oral dose of BO and BNO, respectively. Microbiota (Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes) were counted in colon content and their ratio (F/B) was calculated. Liver fat, plasma lipid profile, plama interlukin-6, plasma lipopolysaccharides and plasma and colon content of lipocaline were assessed with histopathological examination of liver and colon. Results showed that the major volatile components of BO were linalool (60.9 %), eugenol (5.1 %) and eucalyptol (9.5%). SC group exhibited significant increase in liver lipids, plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol and significant reduction in high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) compared to C group. Significant increase in plasma TC/HDL-C, interlukin-6, and lipocaline and F/B ratio and lipocaline in colon content were demonstrated in SC group without changes in plasma lipopolysaccharides compared to C. Histopathology of SC group showed liver fatty degeneration and fibroblasts activation while the colon demonstrated erosion and mucosal epithelium detachment. Treatment with either BNO or BO showed improvement compared to SC group. BNO was superior in reducing F/B ratio, liver lipids and histopathological changes. BO was more efficient in reducing TC, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. It is concluded that BO and BNO reduced the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in rat model. Gut microbiota in relation to steatohepatitis and related new therapies needs further investigations.

Asunto(s)

Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/microbiología , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/terapia , Aceites Volátiles/administración & dosificación , Fitoterapia , Aceites de Plantas/administración & dosificación , Monoterpenos Acíclicos , Administración Oral , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Emulsiones , Eucaliptol , Eugenol , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Nanopartículas , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/metabolismo , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/prevención & control , Ocimum , Aceites Volátiles/química , Tamaño de la Partícula , Aceites de Plantas/química , Ratas Sprague-Dawley

RESUMEN

This research attempted to inspect the contribution of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with nanoparticle application in antimicrobial enhancement. Seven lactic acid cultures-free supernatants (CFSs) in both free and nanoparticles-loaded states were examined against seven foodborne microorganisms. Lactobacillus helveticus followed by Lactobacillus Plantarum possessed considerable antimicrobial activity. Headspace GC-MS characterization of Lactobacillus helveticus CFS identified a mixture of antimicrobial and health-promoting compounds. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for tested Gram-positive bacteria represented 50% of that for Gram-negative bacteria, 20% and 7.35% of those for fungus and yeast respectively. Nanoparticles were prepared through chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticle formation giving nanospheres from in the range from 5 to 10 nm, and narrow size distribution. CFS-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) significantly enhanced the overall inhibition zone diameter, as well as, the decline in MIC values for Salmonella enterica (50%) and Penicillium chrysogenum (12.5%) was observed. Lactobacillus helveticus CFS, however, displayed lower antimicrobial activity vs. nisin and natamycin, it has both antibacterial and antifungal promising activities.

Asunto(s)

Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Queso/microbiología , Quitosano/análogos & derivados , Contaminación de Alimentos/prevención & control , Nanopartículas/metabolismo , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/metabolismo , Antifúngicos/química , Antifúngicos/metabolismo , Quitosano/química , Quitosano/metabolismo , Quitosano/farmacología , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Egipto , Fermentación , Lactobacillus helveticus/efectos de los fármacos , Lactobacillus helveticus/metabolismo , Lactobacillus plantarum/efectos de los fármacos , Lactobacillus plantarum/metabolismo , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Nanopartículas/química , Natamicina/química , Natamicina/metabolismo , Natamicina/farmacología , Nisina/química , Nisina/metabolismo , Nisina/farmacología

RESUMEN

Dairy products, especially cheeses have a great nutritional value and a high consumption level around the world. Considering a widespread consumption of cheeses, there is a growing concern regarding safety and microbiological quality. The current study was designed to conduct a recent evaluation of cheeses microbiological quality. Sixty cheese samples from retailing Egyptian markets were analyzed on different selective microbiological media and 64 bacteria, 35 yeasts and 8 molds were isolated. Out of 60 samples; 26.6% were contaminated with Escherichia coli, 73.3% with Staphylococcus scuiri, 3.33% with Bacillus cereus, 1.66% with Salmonella enterica, and 1.66% with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The presence of such microorganisms in cheeses referred to the wrong management in cheese manufacturing. These organisms are significant from public health view as they have been associated with the base of human food poisoning. Promising antagonistic behavior was observed using the tested lactic acid bacteria (LAB) either single or in combinations toward the undesired isolates. Lactobacillus helveticus CNRZ 32 (Lb. helveticus) was the most potent culture; recording ≥95% reduction in undesired microbial counts.