RESUMEN
The plasma-facing (first) mirrors in ITER will be subject to sputtering and/or contamination with rates that will depend on the precise mirror locations. The resulting influence of both these factors can reduce the mirror reflectance (R) and worsen the transmitted image quality (IQ). This implies that monitoring the mirror quality in situ is an actual desire, and the present work is an attempt towards a solution. The method we propose is able to elucidate the reason for degradation of the mirror reflectance: sputtering by charge exchange atoms or deposition of contaminated layers. In case of deposition of contaminants, the mirror can be cleaned in situ, but a rough mirror (due to sputtering) cannot be used anymore and has to be replaced. To demonstrate the feasibility of the IQ method, it was applied to mirror specimens coated with carbon film in laboratory conditions and to mirrors coated with contaminants during exposure in fusion devices (TRIAM-1M and Tore Supra), as well as to mirrors of different materials exposed to sputtering by plasma ions in the DSM-2 plasma stand (in IPP NSC KIPT).
Asunto(s)
Virus de la Encefalitis Transmitidos por Garrapatas/patogenicidad , Encefalitis Transmitida por Garrapatas/historia , Microbiología de Alimentos , Animales , Vectores Arácnidos/virología , Encefalitis Transmitida por Garrapatas/transmisión , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Ixodes/virología , Investigación/historia , Federación de RusiaAsunto(s)
Encefalitis Transmitida por Garrapatas/epidemiología , Animales , Vectores Arácnidos/microbiología , Brotes de Enfermedades , Reservorios de Enfermedades , Vectores de Enfermedades , Encefalitis Transmitida por Garrapatas/microbiología , Encefalitis Transmitida por Garrapatas/transmisión , Salud Global , Humanos , Incidencia , Sciuridae , Garrapatas/microbiologíaRESUMEN
In patients suffering from tick-borne encephalitis development of epileptic seizures, Kozhevnikov's epilepsy, Jackson's epilepsy, myoclonus-epilepsy, chorea-epilepsy Hunt's myoclonic dyssynergy and various hyperkineses without general convulsions was observed. It was found that a particular place in the structure of the convulsive syndrome was occupied by Kozhevnikov's epilepsy which was not so frequently encountered in other diseases. This is, probably, due to a particular vulnerability of the motor structures, mainly, at the spinal level, at which the final motor response is formed.
Asunto(s)
Encefalitis Transmitida por Garrapatas/complicaciones , Epilepsia/etiología , Hipercinesia/etiología , Adulto , Corea/etiología , Epilepsias Mioclónicas/etiología , Epilepsias Parciales/etiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Disinergia Cerebelosa Mioclónica/etiología , SíndromeAsunto(s)
Encefalitis Transmitida por Garrapatas/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Autopsia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Errores Diagnósticos , Encefalitis Transmitida por Garrapatas/complicaciones , Encefalitis Transmitida por Garrapatas/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadAsunto(s)
Encefalitis Transmitida por Garrapatas , Animales , Culicidae/microbiología , Virus de la Encefalitis Transmitidos por Garrapatas/patogenicidad , Encefalitis Transmitida por Garrapatas/diagnóstico , Encefalitis Transmitida por Garrapatas/etiología , Humanos , Insectos Vectores , Garrapatas/microbiología , U.R.S.S. , VirulenciaRESUMEN
The report contains data concerning examinations of 14 patients with a progressive development of tick-borne encephalitis In all the observed cases an acute period in the development of the disease was not diagnosed. The examined contingent constituted 18% of the number of established chronic forms of tick-borne encephalitis. The states were mostly latent forms of infections which were much more frequent than clinically forms of tick-borne encephalitis.