RESUMEN

Climate change promotes variations in distribution ranges, potentially leading to biodiversity loss and increased extinction risks for species. It is crucial to investigate these variations under future climate change scenarios for effective biodiversity conservation. Here, we studied the future distribution ranges of 268 Testudoformes species under climate change using habitat models, specifically species distribution models (SDMs), to assess their conservation status. Our results have indicated that over half of species are projected to experience declines in their potential distribution ranges under two scenarios. In particular, we found that three critically endangered species-Three-striped roofed turtle (Batagur dhongoka), Durango mud turtle (Kinosternon durangoense), and Colombian mud turtle (Kinosternon dunni)-displayed extraction of their distribution ranges and faced extinction under global climate change. Additionally, our analysis revealed that the potential distribution ranges of some species might increase under future climate scenarios. However, these findings must be interpreted with caution as they do not account for other significant factors such as biological invasions, population structure, land-use change, anthropogenic disturbances, and inter-organism interrelationships. Future studies should incorporate these factors to provide a more comprehensive assessment of extinction risks. Our findings suggest that climate change, in conjunction with habitat degradation and human activities, must be considered when assessing the extinction risks of Testudoformes.

RESUMEN

Background: Sarcopenia is a progressive, systemic skeletal muscle disorder. Resistance exercise and physical activity have been proven effective in its treatment, but consensus on pharmacological interventions has not yet been reached in clinical practice. ß-Hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a nutritional supplement that has demonstrated favorable effects on muscle protein turnover, potentially contributing to beneficial impacts on sarcopenia. Aim: To assess the potential positive effects of HMB or HMB-containing supplements on individuals with sarcopenia, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the treatment of sarcopenia with HMB. Two assessors independently conducted screening, data extraction, and bias risk assessment. Outcome data were synthesized through a random-effects model in meta-analysis, using the mean difference (MD) as the effect measure. Results: A meta-analysis was conducted on six studies. HMB or HMB-rich nutritional supplements showed a statistically significant difference in Hand Grip Strength (HGS) for sarcopenia patients [MD = 1.26, 95%CI (0.41, 2.21), p = 0.004], while there was no statistically significant difference in Gait Speed (GS) [MD = 0.04, 95%CI (-0.01, 0.08), p = 0.09], Fat Mass (FM) [MD = -0.18, 95%CI (-0.38, 0.01), p = 0.07], Fat-Free Mass (FFM) [MD = 0.09, 95%CI (-0.23, 0.42), p = 0.58], and Skeletal Muscle Index (SMI) [MD = 0.01, 95%CI (-0.00, 0.01), p = 0.13]. Conclusion: HMB or HMB-rich nutritional supplements are beneficial for muscle strength in sarcopenia patients. However, there is limited evidence demonstrating significant effects on both muscle strength and physical performance in sarcopenia individuals. HMB may be considered as a treatment option for sarcopenia patients. Systematic review registration: CRD42024512119.

RESUMEN

Global climate change drives variations in species distribution patterns and affects biodiversity, potentially increasing the risk of species extinction. Investigating the potential distribution range of species under future global climate change is crucial for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem management. In this study, we collected distributional data for 5282 reptile species to assess their conservation status based on distributional ranges using species distribution models. Our predictions indicate that the potential distribution ranges for over half of these species are projected to decrease under different scenarios. Under future scenarios with relatively low carbon emissions, the increase in the number of threatened reptiles is significantly lower, highlighting the importance of human efforts. Surprisingly, we identified some endangered species that are projected to expand their distribution ranges, underscoring the potential positive effects of climate change on some special species. Our findings emphasize the increased extinction risk faced by reptile species due to climate change and highlight the urgent need to mitigate the effects of habitat degradation and human activities on their potential distribution in the future.

RESUMEN

The three experiments revealed that successful individuals with spatial learning and escaping had relatively larger brains than unsuccessful ones in three species of the paddy frogs. We first provided experimental evidence for whole-brain size as a predictor of cognitive abilities in the paddy frogs. Our findings support the claim that brain size can reflect an animal's spatial learning and escaping abilities and enhance our understanding of larger brains evolved with better cognitive abilities in frogs.

Asunto(s)

Encéfalo , Cognición , Animales , Tamaño de los Órganos , Anuros

RESUMEN

Objective: This study aimed to explore whether peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) infused through the medial circumflex femoral artery to treat osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) could migrate into the necrotic area of femoral head. Methods: We collected PBSCs from a patient who had bilateral ONFH by apheresis technique using COBE spectra apheresis system (COBE BCT Inc, Lakewood, CO, USA) after subcutaneous injections of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) at a dosage of 10 µg/kg for 4 days to mobilize PBSCs. After that, 100 MBq 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) was used to label PBSCs. 18F-FDG labeled PBSCs were infused into the left femoral head via the medial circumflex femoral artery to treat ONFH. Then the patient was underwent three-dimensional positron emission tomography (3D-PET) examination 60 min after cell infusion to monitor the biological distribution of 18F-FDG-labeled PBSCs, and to observe whether the transplanted PBSCs could migrate into the necrotic area of femoral head. Results: The total number of monouclear cells in the peripheral blood stem cell suspension was 1.95 × 108 which contained 2.20 × 106 CD34+ cells. The activity of 18F-FDG in the labeled cells was 1.8Bq/103 monouclear cells. 3D-PET imaging showed that 18F-FDG radioactivity was detected in the necrotic area of femoral head, acetabulum and femoral bone marrow cavity after transplantation of 18F-FDG-labeled PBSCs via the medial circumflex femoral artery. It is worth noting that although PBSCs labeled with 18F-FDG were widely distributed around the hip, such as femoral bone marrow cavity, femoral head and acetabulum, PBSCs were generally located in the necrotic area of femoral head. Conclusions: PBSCs could enter into the femoral head and migrate into the necrotic field of femoral head participating in the repair of osteonecrosis after infusion through the medial circumflex femoral artery.

RESUMEN

To evalue the coincidence and correlation between the four domestic quantity assay reagents and with ARCHITECTi2000 immunoassay system. 185 weak-reactive serum samples and standard materials of different concentrations were tested by four domestic quantity assay reagents for HBsAg test and ARCHITECTi2000 immunoassay system. The coincidence, the precision and the correlations between different systems were analyzed. The coincidence rates of the results of 0.05-1.00 IU/ml samples between the four domestic quantity assay reagents and ARCHITECTi2000 immunoassay system were 25.93%, 35.19%, 51.85% and 18.52% respectively, and for those results of more than 1.00 to 10.00 IU/ml samples the coincidence rates were 71.76%, 87.79%, 95.42% and 69.47% respectively. The samples of 0.05 to 0.80 IU/ml weak-reactive serum samples detected by the i2000 system were all negative detected by the four domestic systems. The coincidence rates of more than 7.93 IU/ml serum samples detected by i2000 system were 100% detected by the four domestic systems. The correlations of the four domestic quantity assays were around 0.8629 to 0.9265. The analysis sensitivity of the four domestic quantity assay reagents were below the i2000 system. The results of under 0.80 IU/ml samples detected by i2000 system were disaccord with the results detected by the four domestic systems, whereas for the sapmples over 7.93 IU/ml the results were consistent.