RESUMEN
The increased levels of blood glucose associated with genetic and/or environmental risk factors have been known as Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). T2D is categorized as a dangerous clinical syndrome for global public health. It has been well-documented that several candidate genes are functionally associated with T2D. One of the candidate genes linked to T2D is named Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between ACE2 gene polymorphism and the development of T2D in Iraq. This study includes 150 participants (100) T2D patients and 50 healthy participants as a control group. Through the analysis of the recorded data, 78% were nonsmokers, while the rest were smokers. The current study found 61% of T2D patients suffer from hypertension (P-value=0.028). In this study, 80% of patients have the GG genotype. However, 26% have the GA genotype without a significant difference between patients and the control group (OR=0.78). Mutations in the ACE2 gene were recorded in the gene bank with accession numbers LC656363, LC656364, LC656365, LC656366, LC656367 and LC656368. The current study showed a relationship between mutations and polymorphisms in the ACE2 gene and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The polymorphisms, deletion and insertion mutations had an important role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study recorded some mutations in the Clinical Variation website at NCBI's National Center for Biotechnology Information. The current study showed a relationship between smoking and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The current study's findings indicated that mutations affecting the three encoded genes could directly cause impaired insulin production in people with type 2 diabetes.