RESUMEN
This longitudinal study examined the role of the trait of self-criticism as a moderator of the relationship between the affective and sensory components of pain, and depression. One hundred and sixty-three chronic pain patients treated at a specialty pain clinic completed self-report questionnaires at two time points assessing affective and sensory components of pain, depression, and self-criticism. Hierarchical linear regression analysis revealed a significant 3-way interaction between self-criticism, affective pain and gender, whereby women with high affective pain and high self-criticism demonstrated elevated levels of depression. Our findings are the first to show within a broad, comprehensive model, that selfcriticism is activated by the affective, but not sensory component of pain in leading to depressive symptoms, and highlight the need to assess patients' personality as part of an effective treatment plan.
Asunto(s)
Afecto/fisiología , Dolor Crónico/complicaciones , Dolor Crónico/psicología , Depresión/etiología , Depresión/psicología , Ego , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Interpretación Estadística de Datos , Femenino , Humanos , Modelos Lineales , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dimensión del Dolor , Personalidad , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Caracteres Sexuales , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression are highly co-morbid following a traumatic event. Nevertheless, decisive evidence regarding the direction of the relationship between these clinical entities is missing. METHOD: The aim of the present study was to examine the nature of this relationship by comparing a synchronous change model (PTSD and depression are time synchronous, possibly stemming from a third common factor) with a demoralization model (i.e. PTSD symptoms causing depression) and a depressogenic model (i.e. depressive symptoms causing PTSD symptoms). Israeli adult victims of single-event traumas (n=156) were assessed on measures of PTSD and depression at 2, 4 and 12 weeks post-event. RESULTS: A cross-lagged structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis provided results consistent with the synchronous change model and the depressogenic model. CONCLUSIONS: Depressive symptoms may play an important role in the development of post-traumatic symptoms.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno Depresivo/complicaciones , Modelos Psicológicos , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/complicaciones , Adulto , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Trastorno Depresivo/etiología , Trastorno Depresivo/psicología , Análisis Factorial , Femenino , Humanos , Israel , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/etiología , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/psicología , Terrorismo/psicología , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Scheff's argument (2001), whereby shame and the breakdown of social ties are causality implicated in depression, has potential to inform quantitative research on depression, particularly research focused on determinants of personality vulnerability. In the present article, I relate Scheff's argument to more than two and a half decades of theory and research on the interpersonal nature of depression, and on personality vulnerability to depression. The focus of this review is on the personality theories of Blatt (1974) and Beck (1983), in which an introjective/self-critical/autonomous personality dimension and an anaclitic/dependent/sociotropic personality dimension are each conceptualized as a marker of vulnerability. Reviewing empirical research on these two dimensions, I then point out a certain puzzle emerging from previous findings: The introjective personality dimension appears to confer considerably more vulnerability than the anaclitic personality dimension. An attempt is made to reconcile this puzzle by drawing from Scheff's discussion of shame, as well as from psychosocial research on internal representations of self and others (Blatt, Auerbach, and Levy 1997), and from sociological work on the depressogenic conditions of modernity (Giddens 1991; Seligman 1990).
Asunto(s)
Depresión/psicología , Apego a Objetos , Personalidad , Investigación/estadística & datos numéricos , Vergüenza , Conducta Social , Humanos , AutoimagenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the effectiveness of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT-G) for patients suffering from moderate to severe major depressive disorder (MDD), and who responded to antidepressant drugs during the acute phase treatment. METHODS: Subjects were allocated into two groups: in the study group subjects entered IPT-G while in the comparison group subjects continued with standard treatment. All subjects were assessed five times during and 6 months after the termination of the IPT-G in a double-blind, matched-control design. RESULTS: Subjects who participated in the IPT-G demonstrated significant improvement of their depressive symptoms compared to those who received the standard treatment both during the group therapy and in a 6-month follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary results suggest that IPT in a group setting might be effective for a subset of patients who respond to antidepressant medication. LIMITATIONS: Small group of patients, lack of different types of treatment as control groups.