RESUMEN
Bioaccumulation of toxic heavy metals in the human body can give rise to adverse health effects, the severity of which depends upon their dosage and duration of exposure. In this study, yearlings of two different species of edible fish, i.e., Tor putitora (Mahseer) and Ctenopharyngodon Idella (grass carp), were exposed to different concentrations of lead nitrate in a controlled environment of aquarium for three different lengths of duration (14, 28, and 60 days). The bioaccumulation of lead in different organs, including gills, skin, muscles, liver, intestine, and swim bladder of the fish, was assessed using atomic absorption spectrometry. Generally, the highest lead concentration was observed in the gills and lowest in the muscles for both species at each experimental dosage and duration. In 14-days exposure, the relative pattern of bioaccumulation in different organs was observed as gill > liver > skin > intestine > swim bladder > muscle for both fish species. Similarly, the pattern of bioaccumulation observed in 28-days exposure was as: gill > liver > intestine > skin > swim bladder > muscle in both species. Whereas, pattern in 60-days exposure was observed as gill > liver > intestine > swim bladder > muscle > skin. The data shows that grass carp had stored higher concentrations of lead than Mahseer, which may be attributed to the fact that they are omnivorous. Furthermore, the lowest bioaccumulation was recorded in the muscles until the 56th day of the exposure, after which the concentration steadily increased in the muscles. The observed pattern highlights the importance of exposure's duration to lead; chronic exposure could result in its bioaccumulation at toxic concentrations in the muscles, which is particularly of concern because the fish muscles are heavily consumed as food worldwide.
A bioacumulação de metais pesados tóxicos no corpo humano pode causar efeitos adversos à saúde, cuja gravidade depende de sua dosagem e duração da exposição. Neste estudo, filhotes de duas espécies diferentes de peixes comestíveis, ou seja, Tor putitora (Mahseer) e Ctenopharyngodon idella (carpa-capim), foram expostos a diferentes concentrações de nitrato de chumbo em um ambiente controlado de aquário por três diferentes períodos de duração (14, 28 e 60 dias). A bioacumulação de chumbo em diferentes órgãos, incluindo brânquias, pele, músculos, fígado, intestino e bexiga natatória dos peixes, foi avaliada por espectrometria de absorção atômica. Geralmente, a maior concentração de chumbo foi observada nas brânquias e a menor nos músculos para ambas as espécies em cada dosagem e duração experimental. Na exposição de 14 dias, o padrão relativo de bioacumulação em diferentes órgãos foi observado como brânquia > fígado > pele > intestino > bexiga natatória > músculo para ambas as espécies de peixes. Da mesma forma, o padrão de bioacumulação observado em 28 dias de exposição foi: brânquia > fígado > intestino > pele > bexiga natatória > músculo em ambas as espécies. Já o padrão de exposição de 60 dias foi observado como brânquia > fígado > intestino > bexiga natatória > músculo > pele. Os dados mostram que a carpa-capim armazenou maiores concentrações de chumbo do que a Mahseer, o que pode ser atribuído ao fato de serem onívoras. Além disso, a menor bioacumulação foi registrada nos músculos até o 56º dia de exposição, após o que a concentração aumentou de forma constante nos músculos. O padrão observado destaca a importância da duração da exposição ao chumbo; a exposição crônica pode resultar em sua bioacumulação em concentrações tóxicas nos músculos, o que é particularmente preocupante porque os músculos dos peixes são muito consumidos como alimento em todo o mundo.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Carpas , Salud Pública , Metales Pesados , Peces , BioacumulaciónRESUMEN
Bioaccumulation of toxic heavy metals in the human body can give rise to adverse health effects, the severity of which depends upon their dosage and duration of exposure. In this study, yearlings of two different species of edible fish, i.e., Tor putitora (Mahseer) and Ctenopharyngodon Idella (grass carp), were exposed to different concentrations of lead nitrate in a controlled environment of aquarium for three different lengths of duration (14, 28, and 60 days). The bioaccumulation of lead in different organs, including gills, skin, muscles, liver, intestine, and swim bladder of the fish, was assessed using atomic absorption spectrometry. Generally, the highest lead concentration was observed in the gills and lowest in the muscles for both species at each experimental dosage and duration. In 14-days exposure, the relative pattern of bioaccumulation in different organs was observed as gill > liver > skin > intestine > swim bladder > muscle for both fish species. Similarly, the pattern of bioaccumulation observed in 28-days exposure was as: gill > liver > intestine > skin > swim bladder > muscle in both species. Whereas, pattern in 60-days exposure was observed as gill > liver > intestine > swim bladder > muscle > skin. The data shows that grass carp had stored higher concentrations of lead than Mahseer, which may be attributed to the fact that they are omnivorous. Furthermore, the lowest bioaccumulation was recorded in the muscles until the 56th day of the exposure, after which the concentration steadily increased in the muscles. The observed pattern highlights the importance of exposure's duration to lead; chronic exposure could result in its bioaccumulation at toxic concentrations in the muscles, which is particularly of concern because the fish muscles are heavily consumed as food worldwide.