RESUMEN
This article reviews thyroid anatomy and physiology, then presents a variety of common thyroid disorders, including hyper- and hypothyroidism, goiters, cretinism, thyroiditis and several types of thyroid cancer. Prevention of thyroid disease is discussed, along with medical imaging techniques for evaluating the thyroid gland.
Asunto(s)
Hipotiroidismo/complicaciones , Enfermedades de la Tiroides , Glándula Tiroides/anatomía & histología , Glándula Tiroides/patología , Bocio/patología , Humanos , Hipertiroidismo/fisiopatología , Hipotiroidismo/fisiopatología , Mixedema/fisiopatología , Crisis Tiroidea/fisiopatología , Enfermedades de la Tiroides/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de la Tiroides/fisiopatología , Enfermedades de la Tiroides/prevención & control , Glándula Tiroides/fisiología , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/fisiopatología , Tirotropina/sangreRESUMEN
Positron emission tomography is a sophisticated, physiology-based imaging technique that provides information about the function of tissues and organs. Combining PET data with computed tomography or magnetic resonance images provides clinicians with physiological information linked to an anatomical site. This overview discusses the biological principles underlying the technology, PET radiopharmaceuticals, PET imaging facilities, specific imaging applications and reimbursement issues.
Asunto(s)
Tomografía Computarizada de Emisión , Predicción , Cardiopatías/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Neoplasias/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada de Emisión/efectos adversos , Tomografía Computarizada de Emisión/métodos , Tomografía Computarizada de Emisión/tendencias , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
Urinary tract stones have plagued mankind since ancient times. Until recently, this painful condition was corrected surgically, sometimes with serious complications. This article discusses extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), a noninvasive treatment that uses shock waves to fragment stones so they can be flushed out of the body through urination. The author describes how urinary tract stones form, their signs and symptoms, different types of ESWL equipment, how the treatment is performed and the recurrence and prevention of urinary tract stones.
Asunto(s)
Litotricia , Humanos , Litotricia/métodos , Cálculos Urinarios/terapiaRESUMEN
Around the time of menopause many women develop disorders of the uterus that may cause abnormal bleeding and other troublesome symptoms. Some of these disorders, such as uterine polyps, are typically benign and easily correctable. Others, such as endometrial cancer, are potentially more serious. This article discusses the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of some common uterine disorders, with special emphasis on their sonographic appearance.