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Objective: Previous research has shown a relationship between schizotypal personality traits and dissociative tendencies. The Inference-Based Approach (IBA) can explain this relationship to some extent. Purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of inferential confusion in relation to dissociative experiences and schizotypal personality traits. Method: A total of 341 students from Shahed University participated in this cross-sectional study. Sampling was conducted randomly by the cluster sampling method. Data were collected using the Inferential Confusion Questionnaire (ICQ-EV), Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief (SPQ-B), and Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES-II). Data were analyzed using SPSS-22 software based on statistical methods including Pearson correlation, Baron and Kenny hierarchical regression and the Sobel test. Results: There were significant positive relationships between dissociative experiences, schizotypal personality traits, and inferential confusion (P < 0.01). Findings showed that inferential confusion mediates the relationship between dissociative experiences and schizotypal personality traits (ß = 0.29; P < 0.001). Conclusion: According to the obtained results, the present study, considering role of inferential confusion, succeeded in explaining the relationship between dissociative experiences and schizotypal personality traits to some extent.

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Objective: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the factor structure, validity, and reliability of the revised Relationship Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (ROCI), with emphasis on Iranian culture. Method : The statistical sample consisted of 341 married students studying in Tehran universities in the academic year 2018-2019, who were selected by available sampling method. The New ROCI, Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R), Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire (OBQ), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS), Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), and Relationship beliefs inventory (RBI) were the tools of the present study. Resul t s: The Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) of the new ROCI were good. Also, there was a significant and negative correlation between all subscales and the total score of the new ROCI with all subscales and the total score of the DAS, and there was also a significant positive correlation between the subscales and the total score of the new ROCI with the subscales and the total score of OBQ, OCI-R, RBI, and DASS. Also, the two factor model explained 54.50% of the variance in the new ROCI. Furthermore, all of the confirmatory factor analysis indices of the new ROCI were better than the original ROCI. The results of test-retest correlation of the factor one and two of ROCI were 0.85 and 0.78, respectively. Also, the Cronbach's alpha of the factor one and two of ROCI were 0.60 and 0.74, respectively. Conclusion: In general, it can be said that the new ROCI was different from the original ROCI, and the new ROCI had better indicators than the original ROCI.

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OBJECTIVE: Numerous studies demonstrated the effect of grape on memory improvement. According to Iranian traditional medicine, "mavizË® as a specific type of dried grapes can effectively improve memory. However, there is no reported clinical trial on the effect of "mavizË® on memory improvement in humans. Hence, this study was conducted to investigate "mavizË® effect on memory in university students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This randomized open-label clinical trial was conducted on a total number of 53 students of Shahed University, Tehran, Iran, from November 2017 to February 2018. The participants were randomly allocated into an intervention group (receiving "mavizË®, 25 g in the morning for 4 weeks) or a control group (who did not take "mavizË®). The Digit Span Task and the N-Back Task were used for the measurement of working memory at the pre- and post-intervention stages. RESULTS: According to the results, no significant differences were found between the two groups regarding age, gender, marital status, and initial working memory test scores. "mavizË® consumption produced a highly significant improvement in total working memory score in the Digit Span Task (5.18 vs. 2.35, p<0.001) and Acoustic Memory Span (1.29 vs. 0.62, p=0.021). Moreover, "mavizË® consumption significantly increased the percentage of true responses in the N-Back Task and reduced the mean reaction time in the first level of the task. CONCLUSION: "mavizË® consumption was improved working memory in young healthy adults.

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PURPOSE: To examine the psychometric properties of a Persian language version of the Female Sexual Function Index (P-FSFI) amongst a sample of healthy Iranian women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All participants (562) completed a battery of questionnaires, including the P-FSFI, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS), Positive and Negative Affect Scales (PANAS), and Locke-Wallace Marital Adjustment Test (LWMAT). The dimensions of the P-FSFI and its convergent and divergent validity were examined, using principal component analysis and Pearson correlations, respectively. To examine the predictive validity of the P-FSFI, data collected from 562 healthy participants were compared with 108 women with sexual problems who completed the P-FSFI measure. The P-FSFI reliability was determined in two ways: calculating Cronbach alpha and measuring test-retest coefficients (with a 4-week interval). RESULTS: The results indicated that the P-FSFI is conceptualized within a-four factor model. These factors were named as: Sexual Response, Sexual Desire, Sexual-related Pain, and Sexual Satisfaction. Results also indicated that the P-FSFI and its 4 subscales had good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Significant correlations in the predicted directions between the scores of the P-FSFI and its 4 subscales with the scores of DASS, PANAS, and LWMAT supported both the convergent and divergent validity for the P-FSFI. The results also indicated that the scores of the P-FSFI and its 4 subscales significantly differentiated women with and without sexual problems. CONCLUSION: In general, these findings support the reliability and the validity of the P-FSFI amongst Iranian healthy females.

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Research on the role of acceptance in adjustment to persisting pain has been facilitated by the development of the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ). However, the CPAQ has not yet been validated amongst Iranian patients with chronic pain. To examine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the CPAQ (P-CPAQ), 245 Persian-speaking chronic pain patients completed a battery of questionnaires, including: the P-CPAQ, a Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, a slightly modified Roland and Morris Disability Questionnaire, the Catastrophizing Scale of the Coping Strategies Questionnaire, the Depression and Anxiety Scales of the Depression Anxiety And Stress Scale-21 and the Pain-Related Interference and Pain Intensity Scales of the Multidimensional Pain Inventory. Furthermore, to evaluate the reliability of the P-CPAQ, the measure was completed by 24 chronic pain patients, on two occasions that are 2 weeks apart. The results of the principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis yielded a two-factor solution. Furthermore, the reliability and construct validity of the P-CPAQ were confirmed. In general, consistent with studies in other countries, the results of the present study indicate that pain acceptance plays an important role in adjustment to chronic pain regardless of cultural and language differences between countries.

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PURPOSE: To study the general health and quality of life in patients with sexual dysfunctions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and thirty-seven patients with diagnosis of a known sexual dysfunction (SD) were studied. A healthy group of 111 individuals matched for sex, education, and marital status were also selected as a control group. Both groups completed two questionnaires: General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) and Personal Wellbeing Index- Adult (PWI-A). To analyze data, descriptive methods as well as student t test for independent groups were used. RESULTS: The mean scores for individuals suffering from SD were more than the control group in total GHQ scale and all its subscales. The mean scores in total PWI-A scale and most of its subscales for individuals suffering from SD were lower than the control group. Since the obtained t values (4.16 to 5.22) for all the comparisons done between the mean scores in GHQ for the two groups were higher than t value in the `t table` for df = 206 at α = 0.01 (2.58), differences obtained were significant. Since obtained t values (-2.03 to 4.65) for total quality of life and health, achievements, personal relationship, safety, and feeling part of community dimensions were higher than t value in the `t table` for df = 206 at α = 0.05 and α = 0.01 (1.96 and 2.58, respectively), differences obtained except for standard of living and future security were significant. CONCLUSION: Somatic, social, and mental measures for people having sexual dysfunctions (patient group) were lower than the control group.

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