RESUMEN
Recently, significant progress has been made in identifying the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Cohort studies of CRS have led to advances in the clinical understanding of this disease. New therapeutic agents have been approved or are undergoing clinical trials to expand treatment options for this disease. One of the promising areas in medicine is the provision of personalized clinical care. From this perspective, CRS can be divided into three different endotypes depending on the type of underlying inflammatory response. In the United States, CRS with and without nasal polyps is predominantly characterized as the second inflammatory endotype. CRS with nasal polyps (about 17%) and without nasal polyps (up to 20%) belongs to the 1st and 3rd inflammatory endotypes, respectively. And if for the second inflammatory endotype the effectiveness of targeted biological therapy is beyond doubt, then for the first and third inflammatory endotypes the principles of such conservative therapy are under active development. Moreover, large validated studies to confirm associations between CRS phenotypes and endotypes, as well as to find effective biological markers of inflammatory endotypes, remain to be performed.
Asunto(s)
Fenotipo , Rinosinusitis , Humanos , Enfermedad Crónica , Pólipos Nasales/inmunología , Pólipos Nasales/fisiopatología , Pólipos Nasales/terapia , Rinosinusitis/inmunología , Rinosinusitis/fisiopatología , Rinosinusitis/terapiaRESUMEN
Interleukin 1-beta (IL-1b), its endogenous receptor antagonist (IL-1 Ra), and interleukin IL-4 have been shown to play a role in immunopathological processes, such as the development of hypertrophy of the tonsils of the lymphoid pharyngeal ring and atopic march. However, the influence of Il-1 and IL-4 gene polymorphisms as etiological factors of this pathology remains obscure. The objective of the present work was to study characteristics of gene polymorphisms of proinflammatory and proallergic cytokines depending on the degree of hypertrophy of the tonsils of the lymphoid pharyngeal ring (LPR) and atopic march to selected species of the opportunistic pathogenic biota. Polymorphisms of the following genes were investigated in the children, residents of the Kemerovo region, presenting with hypertrophic tonsils of LPR: IL-1b+3953 (C->T), IL4 (70 bp VNTR), and IL-1Ra (86 bp VNTR). IL-1b, IL-1Ra, and IL-4 genotypes were determined by PCR of autosomal DNAs obtained from 129 children presenting with hypertrophic tonsils and 41 healthy children with the use of conventional genetic-statistical methods. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated by the logistic regression models for each locus and after adjusting polymorphisms for the neighbouring loci. The 2R, 2R, Il-1Ra and T, T IL-1b genotypes occurred more frequently in the patients with isolated adenoid vegetations (20.93% and 25.58% respectively) than in the healthy children (4.95%) (OR=3.78, p=0.049; OR=3.25, p=0.047). The results of this study indicate that IL-1b and IL-1Ra gene polymorphisms play a role in the development of clinically significant features in the lymphoid pharyngeal ring.
Asunto(s)
Citocinas/genética , ADN/genética , Tejido Linfoide/patología , Tonsila Palatina/patología , Enfermedades Faríngeas/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Niño , Preescolar , Citocinas/metabolismo , Femenino , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Genotipo , Humanos , Hipertrofia/genética , Tejido Linfoide/metabolismo , Masculino , Enfermedades Faríngeas/metabolismo , Enfermedades Faríngeas/patología , Faringe , Reacción en Cadena de la PolimerasaRESUMEN
The analysis of the efficacy of citalopran for the treatment of chronic pharyngitis and pharyngeal neurosis was carried out. The positive outcome of the treatment was documented in 95% of the patients.
Asunto(s)
Citalopram/uso terapéutico , Trastornos Neuróticos/tratamiento farmacológico , Faringitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Antidepresivos de Segunda Generación/administración & dosificación , Antidepresivos de Segunda Generación/uso terapéutico , Enfermedad Crónica , Citalopram/administración & dosificación , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms were studied in Shorians, Teleuts, and Caucasians of the Kemerovo region. It has been shown that distribution of homozygous deletions in the examined groups is significantly heterogeneous. The frequency of deletion genotypes and combinations of deletion in these genes was lower in Shorians and, Teleuts than in Caucasians.
Asunto(s)
Pueblo Asiatico , Glutatión Transferasa/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Población Blanca , Genotipo , Homocigoto , HumanosRESUMEN
The level and qualitative spectrum of spontaneous chromosomal aberrations (CA) were comparatively analyzed in the lymphocytes of 655 children and adolescents from the Kemerovo Region. The presented sample was divided into 3 groups according to the type of an inhabited locality: 1) small miner's towns; 2) large industrial towns; and 3) rural localities. The maximum frequency of CA (3.77 +/- 0.22%) was noted in a group of dwellers in the miner's towns; its minimum frequency (2.68 +/- 0.17%) among the rural inhabitants. The significant clastogenic effects (including the markers of radiation exposure) were detected in the miner's towns located in the southern part of the region, which represented mountain and submountain areas. At the same time, in the northern and western parts of the Kemerovo Region, the average frequencies of CA in children and adolescents did not exceed the control background values. Thus, the residence in the inhabited localities specializing in mining is not a factor of absolute toxicogenetic risk.
Asunto(s)
Aberraciones Cromosómicas/estadística & datos numéricos , Minas de Carbón , Enfermedades Ambientales/genética , Contaminación Ambiental/efectos adversos , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Enfermedades Ambientales/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Población Rural , Siberia/epidemiología , Población UrbanaRESUMEN
The child's sex was shown to influence the character of antibody formation only after immunization against diphtheria with live measles vaccine: girls exhibited stronger reaction to vaccination than boys. Children of different gender were found to have characteristic HLA DR markers of humoral immune response to diphtheria toxoid and measles vaccine. HLA DR7 proved to be the marker of low production of antibodies to diphtheria toxoid and measles vaccine in boys.
Asunto(s)
Vacuna contra Difteria, Tétanos y Tos Ferina/inmunología , Difteria/inmunología , Vacuna Antisarampión/inmunología , Sarampión/inmunología , Vacunación , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Difteria/genética , Toxoide Diftérico/inmunología , Femenino , Genotipo , Antígeno HLA-DR7/inmunología , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Sarampión/genética , Virus del Sarampión/inmunología , Factores Sexuales , Siberia , Vacunas Atenuadas/inmunologíaRESUMEN
KatG Ser3 15Thr mutation is one of the main reasons of resistance to isoniazid in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. The frequency rate of the above mutation among isoniazid-resistant isolates made 94% in Novosibirsk Region and 93% in Kemerovo Region. The use of PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) can be regarded as an adequate method for rapid screening of isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated in the West-Siberian Region.