RESUMEN

The quadratus plantae (QP) is considered as a part of the plantar intrinsic foot muscles. This muscle has two lateral and medial heads of origin, both of which arise from the plantar surface of calcaneus, and insert into the tendon of flexor digitorum longus (FDL). Various functions have been attributed to the QP muscle, which includes assisting the plantar flexion of the lateral four toes, straightening the oblique pull of FDL and etc. Several anatomical variations of the QP muscle have been reported in the literature. During a routine dissection in the Department of Anatomy at Kerman University of Medical Sciences, a variant plantar muscle was observed in a 40-year-old male cadaver. In the present case, we report a rare variation associated with the insertion pattern of this muscle, which is reported for the first time in Iran. The tendinous end of the QP muscle was divided into three tendons and were then inserted to the inferior surface of 2nd, 3rd and 4th tendons of FDL. Also, a slim tendinous interconnection was also observed between the QP and flexor hallucis longus (FHL). The lack of connection between the FDL and FHL tendons was the other rare variation of this case. Exact knowledge of the possible variations of the QP muscle is of utmost importance to foot surgeons, clinicians and also anatomists.

Asunto(s)

Calcáneo , Músculo Esquelético , Masculino , Humanos , Adulto , Músculo Esquelético/anatomía & histología , Pie/anatomía & histología , Tendones/anatomía & histología , Cadáver

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Assessment of morphological changes has more often been used in the diagnosis and assessment of intestinal pathology and development. Since methionine is widely used in nutritional and sports supplements and also there is not enough information about the effect of this amino acid on the gastrointestinal histomorphometry, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of methionine on the small intestine histomorphometry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided to three equal groups. Two treatment groups received 100 and 200 mg/kg L-methionine solution respectively via intraperitoneal injection while the control group received normal saline. On day 21, all rats were euthanised and segments from three parts of small intestine were taken to histomorphometrical study. Paraffin sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, alcian blue (AB) and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) methods separately. In order to analyse histomorphometric features of each segment, villus height, width, area, crypt depth, villus height to crypt depth ratio, goblet cell number, and muscle layer thickness were measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Obtained results revealed that methionine may change the histomorphometric parameters of small intestine.