RESUMEN
Antibiotic susceptibility tests and restriction enzyme analysis (REA) of genomic DNA were performed to characterize the relationship between sources of isolates of yellow-pigmented enterococci. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted with 10 therapeutic antibiotics and 54 isolates grouped by source (wild and other) depending on their origin. In three antibiotics, cephalothin, erythromycin, and vancomycin, there was a significant (p < or = 0.05) association between susceptibility and source. Vancomycin resistance was significantly (p < or = 0.001) higher in isolates from wild sources compared with that in isolates from other sources. The REA technique was performed on genomic DNA obtained from 17 Enterococcus mundtii isolates from: human (3), dog (4), horse (4), Canada goose (4), domestic goose (1), and Enterococcus mundtii ATCC 43186. A total of 12 different DNA types (A-L) were identified. Except for type D, 11 DNA types were unique and were distributed among dog (A, B, and C), human (E), horse (F, G, and H), Canada goose (I, J, and K), and domestic goose (L). Results suggested that vancomycin-susceptibility testing of yellow-pigmented enterococci may have potential value in the identification of sources of faecal pollution, especially when combined with traditional quantitative methods.
Asunto(s)
Enterococcus/clasificación , Enterococcus/aislamiento & purificación , Microbiología Ambiental , Heces/microbiología , Contaminación del Agua , Animales , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Perros , Enterococcus/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Pigmentos Biológicos , Prohibitinas , Mapeo Restrictivo , Microbiología del AguaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that nm23 may exert metastasis suppressor function in human tumors. OBJECTIVE: We have analyzed expression of nm23 polypeptide in acquired melanocytic nevi (n = 19), dysplastic nevi (n = 19), malignant melanomas (n = 22) and metastases of malignant melanomas (n = 47) in situ. METHODS: Nm23 protein was detected immunohistochemically on paraffin sections using the highly sensitive labeled avidin-biotin technique. RESULTS: We found that (1) nm23 polypeptide is predominantly expressed in the cytoplasmic but also in nuclear and membrane compartments of melanocytic human cells, (2) expression of nm23 protein does not correlate with benign or malignant phenotype in melanocytic tumors of human skin. CONCLUSION: Our study challenges the hypothesis that nm23 may function in malignant melanomas as a tumor suppressor gene.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos de Neoplasias/análisis , Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Melanoma/patología , Proteínas de Unión al GTP Monoméricas , Nevo Pigmentado/patología , Nucleósido-Difosfato Quinasa/análisis , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Factores de Transcripción/análisis , Antígenos de Neoplasias/genética , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Núcleo Celular/ultraestructura , Citoplasma/ultraestructura , Síndrome del Nevo Displásico/genética , Síndrome del Nevo Displásico/patología , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Genes Supresores de Tumor/genética , Humanos , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Inmunohistoquímica , Membranas Intracelulares/ultraestructura , Melanocitos/patología , Melanoma/genética , Melanoma/secundario , Nucleósido Difosfato Quinasas NM23 , Nevo Pigmentado/genética , Nucleósido-Difosfato Quinasa/genética , Adhesión en Parafina , Fenotipo , Neoplasias Cutáneas/genética , Factores de Transcripción/genéticaRESUMEN
During the summer of 1980, both swimmers and nonswimmers were enlisted in a prospective epidemiological study to determine the relationship between swimming, water quality, and the incidence of illness. Results of 4,537 telephone follow-up interviews showed that crude morbidity rates were 69.6 per 1,000 swimmers versus 29.5 per 1,000 nonswimmers. Swimmers experienced respiratory ailments most frequently, followed by gastrointestinal, eye, ear, skin, and allergenic symptoms, respectively.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/epidemiología , Otitis Media/epidemiología , Enfermedades Respiratorias/epidemiología , Natación , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Niño , Preescolar , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Oftalmopatías/epidemiología , Oftalmopatías/etiología , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/etiología , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Humanos , Lactante , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ontario , Otitis Media/etiología , Estudios Prospectivos , Enfermedades Respiratorias/etiología , Riesgo , Microbiología del AguaRESUMEN
A prospective cohort epidemiological-microbiological study was carried out at 10 beaches in Ontario, Canada. Lake water and sediment samples collected at the beaches were analyzed for fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci, heterotrophic bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and total staphylococci. Mean fecal coliform levels in the surface water of the lakes were within accepted guidelines. Bacterial densities were found to be approximately 10 times higher in the sediment than in the corresponding surface water samples. Morbidity among swimmers was shown to be related to staphylococcal counts, to fecal coliform levels, and, somewhat less strongly, to fecal streptococcal counts. Total staphylococci appeared to be more consistent indicators for predicting total morbidity rates among swimmers.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones Bacterianas/epidemiología , Enterobacteriaceae/aislamiento & purificación , Staphylococcus/aislamiento & purificación , Streptococcus/aislamiento & purificación , Natación , Microbiología del Agua , Adulto , Infecciones Bacterianas/etiología , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Ontario , RiesgoRESUMEN
Various types of swimming pools were investigated for the quantitative isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Incidence of the organism increased when the free chlorine residual dropped below 0.4 mg/L in pool water which ad a pH of 6.9-8.9. As the water pH became more alkaline the efficiency of disinfection decreased. Excessive slime production caused certain strains to become more resistent to chlorine treatment. Immunotyping and phage typing, used to study the dynamics of P. aeruginosa populations in swimming pool waters, demonstrated that high densities of the organism consisted mainly of single predominant strains.
Asunto(s)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa/aislamiento & purificación , Piscinas , Microbiología del Agua , Cloro/farmacología , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efectos de los fármacos , Contaminación del AguaRESUMEN
A study is reported which demonstrates that four out of twenty-four people developed otitis externa as a result of swimming in a pool with a high incidence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Serotyping and phage typing were used to establish that P. aeruginosa was the etiolgoical event responsible for the outbreaks of the infection.
Asunto(s)
Otitis Externa/microbiología , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/aislamiento & purificación , Piscinas , Tipificación de Bacteriófagos , Brotes de Enfermedades , Humanos , Ontario , Otitis Externa/epidemiología , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/clasificación , SerotipificaciónRESUMEN
Two hundred and seventy Gram-negative strains, representing aquatic members of the genus acinetobacter, were isolated and compared with 48 related clinical isolates and reference strains from a variety of genera. For each isolate, a total of 96 coded characters derived from 89 characteristics was determined using morphological, physiological, nutritional and biochemical features, in addition to sensitivities to several antibiotics and inhibitory agents. The data were analysed by computer to obtain a simple matching coefficient for each pair of strains. Clustering was performed by the unweighted pair-group method of association. Two major phenons were formed which excluded the oxidase-positive, motile or facultatively anaerobic strains. Within each phenon, three 'subphenons' were delimited. The two phenons, comprising 291 isolates, were tentatively differentiated at the species level, while their shared characteristics indicated that both phenons should be included in the genus Acinetobacter. Phenon 2 contained most of the clinical isolates and corresponded to the type species Aci. calcoaceticus as described originally by Baumann, Doudoroff & Stanier (1968). Phenon 1 was composed almost entirely of aquatic isolates and may prove to represent a second species of a less biochemically-active nature. Distinguishing characters have been suggested as diagnostic criteria for the differentiation of these two phenons.