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The effect of T-DNA insertion in the 3'-UTR region of Arabidopsis thaliana At3g58450 gene encoding the Germination-Related Universal Stress Protein (GRUSP) was studied. It was found that under a long-day condition this mutation delays transition to flowering of grusp-115 transgenic line that due to a reduced content of endogenous bioactive gibberellins GA1 and GA3 in comparison to the wild-type plants (Col-0). Exogenous GA accelerated flowering of both lines but did not change the time of difference in the onset of flowering between Col-0 and grusp-115. In addition to changes in GA metabolism, grusp-115 evidently has disturbances in realization of the signal that induces flowering. This is confirmed by the results of gene expression of the floral integrator FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and the floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), which are key flowering regulators and acting opposite. We hypothesize that the formation of grusp-115 phenotype can also be affected by a low expression level of FT due to up-regulated FLC expression.

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Some time ago, potato transformants expressing Agrobacterium-derived auxin synthesis gene tms1 were generated. These tms1-transgenic plants, showing enhanced productivity, were studied for their hormonal status, turnover and responses in comparison with control plants. For this purpose, contents of phytohormones belonging to six different classes (auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic, jasmonic and salicylic acids) were determined by a sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method in tubers and shoots of in vitro grown plants. To date, this study represents the most comprehensive analysis of the potato hormonal system. On the basis of obtained results, several new generalizations concerning potato hormonal status were drawn. Overall, these data can serve as a framework for forthcoming integrative studies of the hormonal system in potato plants.

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Unilateral microinjections of acetylcholine into the rat solitary tract nucleus evoked inhibitory effects in electrical activity of symmetrical portions of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles. Administration of propranolol exerted excitatory respiratory responses. The findings suggest participation of cholin- and noradrenergic systems in inhibitory mechanisms of respiratory control. Different roles of the right and left solitary tract nuclei in their involvement in formation of efferent impulses to bilateral inspiratory muscles, are discussed.

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Growth and tuber formation of transgenic potato plants (Solanum tuberosum cv. Désirée) harboring the yeast invertase gene and the rolC gene individually or in combination under the transcriptional control of the patatin promoter were investigated under different conditions in vitro. Plants expressing only the invertase gene were morphologically similar to control plants. rolC transgenic plants had an increased tiller number, improved root growth, and a higher total biomass. Tuber formation and growth were altered by the introduced transgenes. The sucrose requirement to induce tubers was shifted to lower or higher concentrations for invertase- or rolC-expressing clones, respectively. In addition, rolC plants formed tubers of altered morphology. A comparison with soil-grown plants showed that morphological parameters can be predicted to some extent from in vitro studies, while for reliable prescreening of parameters concerning tuber formation and growth, an optimization of currently used protocols is necessary.

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The reactions of the respiratory muscles of symmetrical intercostals given bi- and unilateral applications of acetylcholine and its antagonists (atropine and spasmolytin) to various segments of the dorsal surface of the medulla oblongata, the entire region of the projection of the respiratory center, primarily its medial or primarily its lateral zones, were studied in rats. A relationship of the effect to the level of activity of cholinergic structures and the localization of the exposure, was identified. The results obtained suggest an uneven distribution of the M and N cholinoreactive systems in homotopic structures of the medulla oblongata. A conclusion was drawn of the undoubted participation of cholinergic mediation in the mechanisms of integration of paired divisions of the bulbar respiratory center and the central regulation of respiration.

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An unequal distribution of M- and N-cholinergic systems was revealed in symmetrical medullary structures. The data obtained suggest involvement of a cholinergic transmission in the mechanisms of integration of parts of the bulbar respiratory centre for the control of respiration.

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Two hundred and seventy seven patients with coronary heart disease, including 182 with postinfarction cardiosclerosis underwent 24-hour Holter monitoring. A significant correlation was found between the number of coupled ventricular arrhythmias, ventricular tachycardia paroxysms and development of congestive heart failure in patients with postinfarct cardiosclerosis. With evolving metabolic deficiency as evidenced by thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy, the incidence of congestive heart failure and ventricular arrhythmias increased among the patients.

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It has been shown that the low-level laser radiation with the wave-length in the red part of spectrum changes greatly the activity of the respiratory center under the direct influence on the rats' brain structure. The influence of light may have activating or inhibitory character; sometimes symmetry in the respiratory center activity is disturbed. The difference of the effects under the radiation of the sensomotor area of the cerebral cortex hemispheres and the area of the bulbar respiratory center has been found out. It is supposed that one of the reasons of the functional state of the respiratory center variations is the metabolism change in its structures.

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