RESUMEN
Tracheal ultrasonography was performed to measure the width of the tracheal ring shadow and to assess the clinical relevance of these measurements for identifying tracheal collapse. The first tracheal ring width (FTRW) and thoracic inlet tracheal ring width (TITRW) were measured on both expiration and inspiration. The mean of the FTRW width (129 dogs) was greater in expiration (10.97 plusmn; 1.02 mm, p = 0.001) than that in inspiration (9.86 plusmn; 1.03 mm). For 51 normal dogs, the mean of the TITRW width was greater in expiration (9.05 plusmn; 1.52 mm, p = 0.001) than in inspiration (8.02 plusmn; 1.43 mm). For 78 tracheal collapse dogs, the mean of the TITRW width was greater in expiration (15.89 plusmn; 1.01 mm, p = 0.001) than in inspiration (14.85 plusmn; 1.17 mm). The TITRW/FTRW ratio of the normal dogs was higher (p = 0.001) in expiration (0.81 plusmn; 0.09) than that in inspiration (0.79 plusmn; 0.10). When compared between the normal and tracheal collapse dogs, the TITRW/FTRW ratio was also increased (p = 0.001) both in expiration (1.54 plusmn; 0.09) and inspiration (1.47 plusmn; 0.08), respectively. Based on these results, the cutoff level of the TITRW/FTRW ratio was statistically analyzed according to the receiver operating characteristic curve and it could be set at 1.16 in expiration and at 1.13 in inspiration. We have demonstrated that tracheal ultrasonography is a useful technique for the evaluation of tracheal collapse and it can be a supportive tool together with the radiographic findings for making the correct diagnosis.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico por imagen , Radiografía Torácica/veterinaria , Tráquea/patología , Animales , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Perros , Femenino , Masculino , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Tráquea/diagnóstico por imagen , Estenosis Traqueal/diagnóstico , Estenosis Traqueal/patología , Estenosis Traqueal/veterinaria , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
This study was performed to radiographically examine the prevalence of aspiration sites and to evaluate their anatomical correlation with the bronchial patterns. Ten healthy beagle dogs were repeatedly radiographed, at weekly intervals, in the left and right lateral, ventrodorsal (VD) and dorsoventral (DV) positions. Three milliliters of iohexol distilled with same volume of saline was infused into the tracheal inlet. Which lung lobe was aspirated was decided upon by the presence of a significant alveolar pattern due to the contrast medium. Alveolar patterns were identified at the left (100%) and right cranial lung lobes (77%) with the dogs in dependant lateral recumbency, at the right caudal lung lobe (71%) with the dogs in VD recumbency and at the right middle lung lobe (59%) with the dogs in DV recumbency, respectively. The anatomical correlation was evaluated by performing computed tomography. The right principal bronchus (165.8+/-1.6 degrees ) was more straightly bifurcated than was the left principal bronchus (142.7+/-1.8 degrees , p < 0.01). In VD position, the right side lung had a greater opportunity to become aspirated. The ventrally positioned right middle lobar bronchial origin was more easily to be aspirated the other laterally positioned ones. We think that these anatomical characteristics can be one of the causes for aspiration pneumonia to occur more frequently in the right side lung.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico por imagen , Neumonía por Aspiración/veterinaria , Animales , Medios de Contraste/química , Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Perros , Femenino , Yohexol/química , Masculino , Neumonía por Aspiración/diagnóstico por imagen , Neumonía por Aspiración/patología , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/veterinariaRESUMEN
Ultrasonographic imaging of the canine external ear canal, tympanic membrane, and tympanic bulla was described in five healthy beagle dogs before and after infusion of saline into the ear canal. Saline served as an acoustic window. With this method, the external ear canal, and tympanic bulla were visible in the same imaging plane and the integrity of the tympanic membrane could be evaluated indirectly by confirming an intact tympanic membrane, which appeared at the end of the ear canal as a hyperechoic line with reverberation. Experimentally, perforated tympanic membrane could be evaluated by identifying anechoic saline in the tympanic bulla lumen. The air and fluid-filled tympanic bulla were also visualized. Ultrasonography with saline as an acoustic window appears to be helpful for the evaluation of the external ear canal, tympanic membrane, and tympanic bulla and it may have the potential to be a useful clinical tool in evaluation of integrity of the tympanic membrane.
Asunto(s)
Perros/anatomía & histología , Conducto Auditivo Externo/diagnóstico por imagen , Membrana Timpánica/diagnóstico por imagen , Animales , Conducto Auditivo Externo/anatomía & histología , Membrana Timpánica/anatomía & histología , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
Ultrasonographic examination of both stifle joints of five clinically and radiographically normal adult dogs was performed before and after surgical transection of the cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL). At pre- and postsurgery, the hyperechoic patellar ligament and the infrapatellar fat interfered with sonographic visualization of the CrCL. When the stifle joint, however, was imaged via dynamic intra-articular saline injection, the hyperechoic ligament was visualized because of the separation of the infrapatellar fat and the CrCL and the contrasting effect of anechoic saline. When the stifle joint was imaged by real-time scanning after the transection of the CrCL, flutter of the ligament and an anechoic area between the bone and the CrCL were identified. The increased diameter of the ligament and the increased thickness of the joint space were identified as well. Ultrasonographic examination via dynamic saline injection into the joint space has potential as a diagnostic tool for assessing CrCL rupture.