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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of an injectable lyophilized articular cartilage matrix (LACM) which is in the form of cartilage powder that may increase the convenience of use and become unaffected by donor site morbidity as a potential filler. METHODS: The safety test was conducted using 20 rabbits with an intravascular embolization model. Commonly used commercial hyaluronic acid (HA), acellular dermal matrix (ADM), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and polylactic acid (PLA) products were selected for comparison of efficacy and adverse effect of LACM. The efficacy test was performed using 30 mice subcutaneous buttock-injection model. Gross assessments of the changes in size of injected materials and histological examinations were conducted. RESULTS: Regarding the safety test, in one rabbit in the HA group, complete blurring occurred in the left eye, and necrosis of the posterior auricular artery was observed in one rabbit in the ADM group. In the ADM, severe ecchymosis around the injection sites was observed, and the bruises lasted longer than in the other groups. The LACM exhibited faster bruise resolution. Comparing the changes in size between weeks 4 and 12 in the mouse model, no significant changes in size were observed in the LACM (p = 0.359), HA (p = 0.421), and ADM (p = 0.097), but a significant change was observed in the PMMA (p = 0.001). In the histological examination, LACM exhibited well-demarcated margins with good biocompatibility. CONCLUSION: The LACM shows potential as a facial filler according to the in vivo safety and efficacy tests LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

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Objective: This study aimed to get the data of Neonatal auricle for helping pediatricians and obstetricians to make definite diagnosis and individualized treatment for newborn congenital auricular deformities in China. Methods: A total of 1500 newborns' ears were evaluated in this study. Six surface measurements were performed directly on the auricles of the subjects as follows: physiognomic ear length and breadth, morphological ear length and breadth, cephalo-auricular distance, and cephalo otic angle. Results: The incidence of neonatal auricular deformities in the Pearl River Delta area was 57.47% and the self-healing rate was 31.61% by the 30-day follow-up. There were significant differences between different types of auricular deformities (protruding ear, cup ear, lop ear, Stahl's ear, conchal crus, helical rim deformity, and composite deformity) and normal morphological differences of the auricle. Conclusions: Our findings suggested that individual differences in ear morphology are large and there were some differences between measurement data in our study and EarWell. Application of the EarWell system may lead to localized skin excoriations or breakdown as a result of mismatch with the ear. Therefore, early use of personalized ear molds produced by three-dimensional printing to determine if more deformed auricles may be corrected.

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