Asunto(s)
Catecolaminas/farmacología , Frecuencia Cardíaca/efectos de los fármacos , Ketamina/farmacología , Animales , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Dopamina/farmacología , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Epinefrina/farmacología , Hipotermia Inducida , Isoproterenol/farmacología , Norepinefrina/farmacología , Conejos , Tiramina/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The effects of acute increases of intracranial pressure (ICP) on renal function before and during enflurane and enflurane-N2O anesthesia were determined in 12 mongrel dogs. Prior to anesthesia, acute elevations of 10 and 20 torr in ICP significantly increased urine osmolarity (Uosm), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), and renal vascular resistance (RVR); significantly decreased urine volume (U vol), para-aminohippurate clearance (Cpah), and free water clearance (C/20); and had no effect on inuline clearance (Cin) or plasma levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Thirty minutes of enflurane (2.2 percent end-tidal concentration) in 70 percent nitrogen and O2 in the presence of normal ICP caused significant increases in Uosm while MAP, CPAH, UVOL CH20, CIN, and osmolar clearance (CosM) were significantly decreased and ADH was unchanged. Substituting 70 percent N2O for nitrogen had no significant effect on any variable measured. Increasing ICP 10 torr during enflurane-N-2O anesthesia caused significant increases (compared to enflurane-N2O values in the presence of normal ICP) in UosM, RVR, and CosM, as well as significant decreases in UVOL, CH2O, AND CPAH, but had no effect on ADH, CIN, or MAP. Enflurane and N2O anesthesia moderates the elevation MAP in response to an acute increase in ICP but fails to alter the renal response to increased ICP.
Asunto(s)
Enflurano/farmacología , Presión Intracraneal , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Éteres Metílicos/farmacología , Anestesia , Animales , Perros , Pruebas de Función Renal , Óxido NitrosoAsunto(s)
Anestesia por Inhalación , Halotano , Hemodinámica/efectos de los fármacos , Óxido Nitroso/farmacología , Adulto , Función Atrial , Sangre , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Dióxido de Carbono/sangre , Gasto Cardíaco/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Frecuencia Cardíaca/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Masculino , Oxígeno/sangre , Resistencia Vascular/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The effects of physostigmine on reversal of post-operative somnolence following general anaesthesia were evaluated in 187 patients. Significant reversal of anaesthetic-induced post-operative somnolence was observed in those patients receiving physostigmine when compared to a control group. These results suggest that general anaesthesia with halothane may be included in those situations where central nervous system depression may be reversed by administration of physostigmine. Cholinergic side-effects observed with physostigmine administration were minimal.
Asunto(s)
Fisostigmina/farmacología , Sueño/efectos de los fármacos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anestesia , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de TiempoAsunto(s)
Halotano/farmacología , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Óxido Nitroso/farmacología , Animales , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Gasto Cardíaco/efectos de los fármacos , Diuresis/efectos de los fármacos , Perros , Interacciones Farmacológicas , Tasa de Filtración Glomerular/efectos de los fármacos , Riñón/irrigación sanguínea , Capacidad de Concentración Renal/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Función Renal , Estimulación Química , Resistencia Vascular/efectos de los fármacos , Vasopresinas/metabolismoAsunto(s)
Quimiotaxis de Leucocito/efectos de los fármacos , Halotano/farmacología , Neutrófilos/efectos de los fármacos , Óxido Nitroso/farmacología , Adulto , Anestesia General , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Halotano/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Recuento de Leucocitos , Masculino , Neutrófilos/inmunologíaAsunto(s)
Diazepam/farmacología , Droperidol/farmacología , Corazón/efectos de los fármacos , Hemodinámica/efectos de los fármacos , Morfina , Adyuvantes Anestésicos , Anciano , Anestesia Intravenosa , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Gasto Cardíaco/efectos de los fármacos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos , Frecuencia Cardíaca/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Resistencia Vascular/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The cardiovascular effects of a single dose of ketamine administered during halothane or enflurane anesthesia were studied in 24 patients. During halothane anesthesia, ketamine caused a rapid and significant increase in arteriolar peripheral resistance (p less than 0.01) and a decrease in cardiac output, stroke volume, and systolic diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures. Heart rate was not significantly changed. Ketamine resulted in similar, though less dramatic and slower developing, changes in patients anesthetized with enflurane. These results demonstrate that general anesthesia blocks the cardiovascular-stimulating properties of ketamine. They also indicate that ketamine has significant cardiovascular-depressant qualities when used during halothane or enflurane anesthesia.