RESUMEN
Hadron therapy is a radiotherapy modality which offers a precise energy deposition to the tumors and a dose reduction to healthy tissue as compared to conventional methods. However, methods for real-time monitoring are required to ensure that the radiation dose is deposited on the target. The IRIS group of IFIC-Valencia developed a Compton camera prototype for this purpose, intending to image the Prompt Gammas emitted by the tissue during irradiation. The system detectors are composed of Lanthanum (III) bromide scintillator crystals coupled to silicon photomultipliers. After an initial characterization in the laboratory, in order to assess the system capabilities for future experiments in proton therapy centers, different tests were carried out in two facilities: PARTREC (Groningen, The Netherlands) and the CNA cyclotron (Sevilla, Spain). Characterization studies performed at PARTREC indicated that the detectors linearity was improved with respect to the previous version and an energy resolution of 5.2 % FWHM at 511 keV was achieved. Moreover, the imaging capabilities of the system were evaluated with a line source of 68Ge and a point-like source of 241Am-9Be. Images at 4.439 MeV were obtained from irradiation of a graphite target with an 18 MeV proton beam at CNA, to perform a study of the system potential to detect shifts at different intensities. In this sense, the system was able to distinguish 1 mm variations in the target position at different beam current intensities for measurement times of 1800 and 600 s.
Asunto(s)
Diagnóstico por Imagen , Terapia de Protones , Método de Montecarlo , Rayos gamma , EspañaRESUMEN
Research has supported a link between insecure attachment and disordered eating in adolescents; however, how this influence is exerted remains unclear. This study explored whether depressive symptoms constitute a pathway through which insecure attachment to parents predicts subsequent development of disordered eating in the transition from childhood to adolescence. The study also examines whether there are differential effects regarding the attachment figure, child's gender, or reciprocity between variables. A community-based sample of Spanish youth (n = 904; 49.4% girls) was followed biennially from age 10 to 16 years. Attachment, depressive symptoms, and disordered eating were measured using the Inventory of Parental and Peer Attachment, Children's Depression Inventory, and Children's Eating Attitudes Test, respectively. Prospective data were analyzed using a dynamic panel model, which accounts for unmeasured time-invariant factors. Whereas insecure attachment to the father did not predict later depression or disordered eating, higher insecure attachment to the mother at ages 10 and 12 years predicted more disordered eating at ages 14 and 16 years via increased depressive symptoms at ages 12 and 14 years. No child's gender-specific or reverse mediational effects were found. This study suggests that an increase in depressive symptoms might be one mechanism by which insecure attachment exerts its influence on the development of eating disorders symptomatology in adolescence. Intervention efforts aimed at strengthening particularly the mother-child attachment relationship may reduce the vulnerability to develop depressive symptoms and disordered eating.
Asunto(s)
Depresión , Trastornos de Alimentación y de la Ingestión de Alimentos , Adolescente , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Padres , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
Insecure attachment to parents consistently correlates with adolescent depression. However, the order of cause and effect, the impact of confounding, and gender disparities in this relationship remain unresolved. The present study therefore examined the prospective associations between attachment relationships to mothers and fathers and depressive symptoms in a community sample of Spanish children (n = 904; 49.4% females) assessed biennially from age 10-16 years, net of all unmeasured time-invariant confounding. Insecure relationships predicted depressive symptoms, and more so among girls, but depressive symptoms also forecasted worsened attachment relationships. At ages 12-14, mother-child attachment proved to be more important for the development of depressive symptoms than father-child attachment. These findings reveal a pattern of reciprocal influence between attachment relationships and depressive symptoms that appears to vary as a function of the parental and child's gender and developmental period. Thus, efforts aimed at strengthening the parent-child attachment relationship-across the transition from middle childhood to adolescence-may prevent or reduce depressive symptoms, especially by targeting mothers and female adolescents.
Asunto(s)
Depresión/psicología , Apego a Objetos , Relaciones Padres-Hijo , Padres/psicología , Adolescente , Conducta del Adolescente/psicología , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos , Psicología del AdolescenteRESUMEN
Authors who compared the use of various depression scales for monitoring the effects of treatment have reported that the observed pattern of improvement depends on the scale used. The discrepancies have generally been attributed to interscale differences in content and administration mode. We investigated this phenomenon in a group of 52 out-patients with non-psychotic, non-melancholic DSM-III major depression disorders using three widely employed depression scales in both their usual formats and in formats for the alternative mode of administration. The six instruments were applied at admission and after 12 and 24 weeks' treatment. The results suggest that differences between the contents of different scales lead to differences in the global improvement reflected, but provide no evidence of significant discrepancy between the patterns of interviewer-rated and self-rated progress.
Asunto(s)
Depresión/terapia , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica/normas , Adulto , Síntomas Afectivos/diagnóstico , Depresión/diagnóstico , Femenino , Indicadores de Salud , Humanos , Entrevista Psicológica/normas , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Análisis Multivariante , Manifestaciones Neuroconductuales , Método Simple Ciego , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), and the Carroll Rating Scale (CRS) were applied to 52 depressed outpatients upon first examination and after 12 and 24 weeks drug therapy. Both total scores and scores for specific symptoms were compared. The three scales agreed as regards both the evaluation of acute phase severity and the detection of symptom changes during treatment. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Atención Ambulatoria , Antidepresivos Tricíclicos/uso terapéutico , Trastorno Depresivo/tratamiento farmacológico , Determinación de la Personalidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Trastorno Depresivo/diagnóstico , Trastorno Depresivo/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Admisión del Paciente , Psicometría , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Meta-analytic studies of the values of various measures of the outcome of antidepressive treatment have consistently shown that different scales produce different patterns of progress for the same patients, but results have differed somewhat in other respects. The present results suggest that these problems are probably related to use of different scales emphasizing different aspects of depression.
Asunto(s)
Antidepresivos/uso terapéutico , Trastorno Depresivo/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Trastorno Depresivo/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Variaciones Dependientes del Observador , Determinación de la Personalidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Inventario de Personalidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Psicometría , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The concordance between self-report and clinical rating scales of depression increases during progress from the acute depressive episode to recovery or improvement of symptoms. We investigated this convergence in a group of 52 outpatients with DSM-III major depression disorders using three widely employed depression scales and their parallel formats (i.e., alternative modes of administering the scales). The six instruments were applied at admission and after 12 and 24 weeks' treatment. The results indicate that the increase in the global concordance between scales may be a statistical effect deriving from broadening of the range of scores.