RESUMEN
Determination of antibodies against ToRCH antigens at the beginning of pregnancy allows assessment of both the maternal immune status and the risks to an adverse pregnancy outcome. Age-standardised seroprevalences were determined in sera from 1009 women of childbearing age residing in Mexico, Brazil, Germany, Poland, Turkey or China using a multiparametric immunoblot containing antigen substrates for antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1, HSV-2), Bordetella pertussis, Chlamydia trachomatis, parvovirus B19, Treponema pallidum and varicella zoster virus (VZV). Seroprevalences for antibodies against HSV-1 were >90% in samples from Brazil and Turkey, whereas the other four countries showed lower mean age-adjusted seroprevalences (range: 62.5-87.9%). Samples from Brazilian women showed elevated seroprevalences of antibodies against HSV-2 (40.1%), C. trachomatis (46.8%) and B. pertussis (56.6%) compared to the other five countries. Seroprevalences of anti-T. gondii antibodies (0.5%) and anti-parvovirus B19 antibodies (7.5%) were low in samples from Chinese women, compared to the other five countries. Samples from German women revealed a low age-standardised seroprevalence of anti-CMV antibodies (28.8%) compared to the other five countries. These global differences in immune status of women in childbearing age advocate country-specific prophylaxis strategies to avoid infection with ToRCH pathogens.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/sangre , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Infecciones Bacterianas/epidemiología , Salud Global , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Adulto , Infecciones Bacterianas/sangre , Infecciones Bacterianas/transmisión , Femenino , Humanos , Transmisión Vertical de Enfermedad Infecciosa , Persona de Mediana Edad , Embarazo , Infecciones por Protozoos/sangre , Infecciones por Protozoos/epidemiología , Infecciones por Protozoos/transmisión , Virosis/sangre , Virosis/epidemiología , Virosis/transmisión , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The extent of ADP-ribosylation in rectal cancer was compared to that of the corresponding normal rectal tissue. Twenty rectal tissue fragments were collected during surgery from patients diagnosed as having rectal cancer on the basis of pathology results. The levels of ADP-ribosylation in rectum cancer tissue samples (95.9 +/- 22.1 nmol/ml) was significantly higher than in normal tissues (11.4 +/- 4 nmol/ml). The level of NAD+ glycohydrolase and ADP-ribosyl cyclase activities in rectal cancer and normal tissue samples were measured. Cancer tissues had significantly higher NAD+ glycohydrolase and ADP-ribosyl cyclase activities than the control tissues (43.3 +/- 9.1 vs 29.2 +/- 5.2 and 6.2 +/- 1.6 vs 1.6 +/- 0.4 nmol mg(-1) min(-1)). Approximately 75% of the NAD+ concentration was consumed as substrate in rectal cancer, with changes in NAD+/ADP-ribose metabolism being observed. When [14C]-ADP-ribosylated tissue samples were subjected to SDS-PAGE, autoradiographic analysis revealed that several proteins were ADP-ribosylated in rectum tissue. Notably, the radiolabeling of a 113-kDa protein was remarkably greater than that in control tissues. Poly(ADP)-ribosylation of the 113-kDa protein in rectum cancer tissues might be enhanced with its proliferative activity, and poly(ADP)-ribosylation of the same protein in rectum cancer patients might be an indicator of tumor diagnosis.
Asunto(s)
ADP-Ribosil Ciclasa/metabolismo , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , NAD+ Nucleosidasa/metabolismo , Neoplasias del Recto/enzimología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , HumanosRESUMEN
The extent of ADP-ribosylation in rectal cancer was compared to that of the corresponding normal rectal tissue. Twenty rectal tissue fragments were collected during surgery from patients diagnosed as having rectal cancer on the basis of pathology results. The levels of ADP-ribosylation in rectum cancer tissue samples (95.9 ± 22.1 nmol/ml) was significantly higher than in normal tissues (11.4 ± 4 nmol/ml). The level of NAD+ glycohydrolase and ADP-ribosyl cyclase activities in rectal cancer and normal tissue samples were measured. Cancer tissues had significantly higher NAD+ glycohydrolase and ADP-ribosyl cyclase activities than the control tissues (43.3 ± 9.1 vs 29.2 ± 5.2 and 6.2 ± 1.6 vs 1.6 ± 0.4 nmol mg-1 min-1). Approximately 75 percent of the NAD+ concentration was consumed as substrate in rectal cancer, with changes in NAD+/ADP-ribose metabolism being observed. When [14C]-ADP-ribosylated tissue samples were subjected to SDS-PAGE, autoradiographic analysis revealed that several proteins were ADP-ribosylated in rectum tissue. Notably, the radiolabeling of a 113-kDa protein was remarkably greater than that in control tissues. Poly(ADP)-ribosylation of the 113-kDa protein in rectum cancer tissues might be enhanced with its proliferative activity, and poly(ADP)-ribosylation of the same protein in rectum cancer patients might be an indicator of tumor diagnosis.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , ADP-Ribosil Ciclasa/metabolismo , NAD+ Nucleosidasa/metabolismo , Neoplasias del Recto/enzimología , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Estudios de Casos y ControlesRESUMEN
Neonatal and adult rat islets, cultured for 7-9 days in the presence of 10.5 mM D-glucose, were incubated for 120 min with either D-glucose (2.8 and 16.7 mM) or L-leucine (1.0 and 20.0 mM). The total and anaerobic rates of glycolysis, as judged respectively through the generation of 3H2O from D-[5-3H]glucose and 14C-labelled lactate from D-[3,4-14C]glucose or D-[6-14C]glucose were higher in neonatal than adult islets, but increased to a lesser relative extent in neonatal than adult islets in response to a rise in hexose concentration. The flow through the pentose phosphate pathway, as judged from the difference between D-[1-14C]glucose and D-[6-14C]glucose oxidation was higher in neonatal than adult islets. The flow through the reaction catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase, as judged from the oxidation of D-[3,4-14C]glucose, was lower in neonatal than adult islets incubated in the presence of 16.7 mM (but not 2.8 mM) D-glucose. The oxidation of acetyl residues relative to their generation rate, as judged from the ratio of D-[6-14C]glucose to D-[3,4-14C]glucose oxidation, was not affected by the hexose concentration whether in neonatal or adult islets, but was about twice higher in the latter than former islets. The rate of D-[6-14C]glucose oxidation was also higher in adult than neonatal islets, especially at the high concentration of D-glucose. In both neonatal and adult islets, a rise in hexose concentration stimulated preferentially the oxidation of D[3,4-14C]glucose or D-[6-14C]glucose relative to the utilization of D-[5-3H]glucose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)