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Sera of 125 patients with sexually transmitted diseases (syphilis, gonorrhoea, chlamydiosis, HPV and HIV infections) were investigated for presence of 3 markers of HBV infection; they were found in 41 (33%) patients. Anti-HBc was present in sera of 35 (28%) patients, in 3 of them antigen HBs was found and in 28 anti-HBs was found as well. Antigen HBs alone was present in sera of 6 other patients but they were not reactive in test for anti-HBc. Moreover in this group of 125 patients anti-HCV were discovered in 4 (3%); in 3 of them occurrence of markers of HBV infection was found.

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A newly developed microwell enzyme immunosorbent assay (EIA) system by Syva Company (Palo Alto, CA) can detect Chlamydia trachomatis in < 3 hr. It uses a polyclonal antibody to chlamydial lipopolysaccharide and end points are determined with a spectrophotometer. Three clinical trial sites (University of California Medical Center, San Francisco, CA; University of Washington, Seattle, WA; and Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA), compared this EIA with tissue culture (TC) for identifying Chlamydia in urogenital specimens. Overall prevalence by TC was 10.4% (136 of 1306). When tests were compared with TC (using vials or microtiter plates and a fluorescent antibody stain), we found an EIA sensitivity of 93.4% (127 of 136) and a specificity of 98.1% (1148 of 1170). This EIA has a performance profile that is, at the very least, comparable with other nonculture methods for diagnosing genital tract infections with C. trachomatis.

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102 Chlamydia trachomatis isolates obtained from pregnant women and 42 isolates from man-consorts of women with chlamydial infection of cervix were immunotyped using a microimmunofluorescence (micro IF) with monoclonal antibodies kit (Washington Research Foundation, Seattle, USA). In both groups of patients the most common serovars were: E (37.3%) and D (24.6%) belonging to B-complex. Additional serovars noted were: F (11.3%), J (11.3%), I' (4.5%), I (3.5%, K (3.5%), G (2.8%) and H. Ba (both 0.2%). N. gonorrhoeae and/or T. vaginalis infections were more frequent from patients with B-complex Ch. trachomatis serovars (28/75 that is 37%) than C-complex Ch. trachomatis serovars (3/25 that is 12%).

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Using Abbott's kits for immunoenzymatic diagnosis of antibodies to the recombinant antigens of the HIV-1 retrovirus (EIA-II test which was higher valued than the EIA-I test of the previous generation of the same production) 16,480 examinations of the sera of high risk groups and foreign students were done. All positive or doubtful results of the EIA test were verified by the Western blot technique. The obtained results positive and doubtful are presented, and only four were not in agreement by both methods. Attention is called to the possibility of erroneous results of tests when the instructions of the producer are not followed, if the sera are incorrectly prepared for the test, and if inactivated sera are used.

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The studied group comprised 2651 patients from detoxication centres and dehabituation treatment institutions who were addicts taking intravenous drugs (71.5% males and 28.5% females). In 12 patients, including one foreign (from Spain) anti-HIV antibodies were found (0.5%). In the years 1986-1987 all tests gave negative results, the first positive result was obtained in 1988, after testing of nearly 1900 patients. In the second half of 1988 positive results were more frequent, since in a group of 400 subjects tested between August and November 10 were positive (2.5%). This shows that the infection spreads rapidly in this population. At the end of November infections among drug addicts accounted for 12.2% of the total number of HIV-positive cases found in Poland. The authors predict a further rapid spreading of this infection in this risk group and postulated gratuitous providing of addicts with dispensable syringes and needles and condoms, and providing systematic intensive training of the personnel of dehabituation treatment institutions as well as extensive informational education of the addicts.

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The presence of anti-HIV antibodies was sought in 1061 patients (818 men and 243 women) with various sexually transmitted diseases; the group of men contained 29 homosexuals (3.5%) and 26 were bisexual (3.2%). Together these deviants accounted for 7.1% of the group. EIA test confirmed with the Western-blot test gave positive result in 11 patients, including 10 homosexual and bisexual men, that is in 18.2% of the subgroup of men with this deviation, and in 1 heterosexual man (0.13%). Over one-half of them had or had had syphilis, and in the subgroup of homosexuals the patients with syphilis amounted to 36%. The proportion of HIV infections in homosexuals, patients of outpatient clinics for sexually transmitted diseases, is much higher than in heterosexual patients in these clinics and homosexuals not treated in these clinics. Patients in outpatient clinics for sexually transmitted diseases are a high risk group for HIV infection (especially homosexuals with syphilis) and should be tested for the presence of anti-HIV antibodies.

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A group of 326 prostitutes were examined for gonorrhoea and the result was positive in 45 cases (14%). Smears were stained with methylene blue and by Gram's method, cultures were conducted on suitable media and the immunoenzymatic method EIA-Gonozyme (Abbott) was used. Smear evaluation was insufficiently sensitive and specific, but it made possible a rapid diagnosis of 17 cases. Most positive result were obtained with the Gonozyme test (41 cases), including 15 women (37%) in whom a positive result was obtained only in urethral secretion, despite a negative result of the examination of cervical secretion. Gonococci were cultured in 29 cases (9%), including 5 (17%) with bacterial growth obtained only from the urethral secretion in 13 (45%) only in cervical secretion. In 27 of these patients the Gonozyme test was positive. Gonozyme was highly useful in the examinations of prostitutes in view of its sensitivity and the fact that the gonococcal antigen can be detected also when the result of culture was negative due to antibiotic taking. Always secretion from the urethra and cervix should be examined, since in 17% of the infected women the diagnosis was established by culture and the Gonozyme test demonstrated infection only in urethral secretion in 37% of the infected women.

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