RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: To evaluate the effects of the ChromaGen contact lens (CCL) on best-corrected visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and pseudoisochromatic test plate performance in patients with congenital colour vision deficiency (CVD). METHODS: CCLs were inserted into 50 eyes of 25 patients with congenital red-green CVD. The patients were tested with the Ishihara and Hardy-Rand-Rittler test plates before and after the insertion of Magenta 2, Magenta 3, and Violet 3 CCLs. The patients' mean numbers of recognised symbols were calculated and the most appropriate CCL was determined for each eye. The best-corrected visual acuity for both far and near vision and contrast sensitivity were evaluated before and after the insertion of the appropriate CCLs, and the results were compared. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 26.56 ± 10.30 years. While all CCLs increased the mean numbers of recognised symbols on the Ishihara (p < 0.001 for all), Magenta 3 was observed to be the most useful CCL. On the other hand, while all CCLs increased the mean numbers of recognised symbols on Hardy-Rand-Rittler (p < 0.001 for all), Magenta 2 and Magenta 3 were detected as the most useful CCLs. After insertion of the most appropriate CCL for each eye, the mean best-corrected visual acuity for both far and near vision were decreased (p < 0.001 for both). Statistically significant alterations were also detected at some spatial frequencies of contrast sensitivity measurements. CONCLUSION: CCLs decrease the far and near best-corrected visual acuity, and static and dynamic contrast sensitivity at some spatial frequencies, and invalidate the pass criteria of pseudoisochromatic test plates by increasing the number of recognised symbols.
Asunto(s)
Pruebas de Percepción de Colores/instrumentación , Defectos de la Visión Cromática/diagnóstico , Sensibilidad de Contraste/fisiología , Agudeza Visual , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Defectos de la Visión Cromática/fisiopatología , Diseño de Equipo , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: To evaluate tear meniscus height and tear meniscus area measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and to determine the prevalence of dry eye disease in video display terminal (VDT) users. METHODS: This was a case-control study performed on VDT users. The case group consisted of 53 subjects who vocationally use VDT more than six hours per day and the control group consisted of 49 subjects who used VDT not more than one hour per day. The pre-vocational and post-vocational tear meniscus height and tear meniscus area measurements were performed twice in one day using OCT. Tear-film break-up time, Schirmer's test, Ocular Surface Disease Index score and corneal staining score measurements were performed in all subjects. RESULTS: The mean age was 38.9 ± 5.5 years in VDT users and 37.8 ± 5.8 years in the control group (p = 0.426). Twenty patients (37.7 per cent) had dry eye disease in VDT users and five patients (10.2 per cent) had dry eye disease in the control group (p = 0.001). The mean tear meniscus height and tear meniscus area values (pre-vocational and post-vocational) were significantly lower in VDT users than in the control group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.024 and p < 0.001, respectively). The Schirmer's test results, Ocular Surface Disease Index scores, corneal staining scores and tear-film break-up time values revealed significant differences between VDT users and control subjects (p = 0.002, p = 0.006, p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). In addition, significant correlations were demonstrated between Schirmer's test results, Ocular Surface Disease Index scores, corneal staining scores, tear-film break-up time measurements, tear meniscus height results and tear meniscus area values. CONCLUSION: Tear meniscus evaluation using OCT is an effective, non-invasive and sensitive method for detection of dry eye disease in VDT users.
Asunto(s)
Segmento Anterior del Ojo/diagnóstico por imagen , Terminales de Computador , Síndromes de Ojo Seco/diagnóstico por imagen , Lágrimas/fisiología , Adulto , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Síndromes de Ojo Seco/fisiopatología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Tomografía de Coherencia ÓpticaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To report a patient with central retinal artery occlusion with double cilioretinal artery sparing. METHODS: Retrospective case report. RESULTS: A 45-year-old woman presented with sudden vision loss in her left eye for 10 days. Her best-corrected visual acuity was counting fingers at 2 meters in the left eye and 20/20 in the right eye. Funduscopy showed retinal opacity of posterior fundus, most marked in the macular region, and two small areas of the normal retina; one temporal to the optic disk and the other superior to the optic disk corresponding to the patent cilioretinal retinal arteries in the left eye; the right eye was normal. Fundus fluorescein angiography showed rapid filling of the two cilioretinal vessels and delayed filling of the central retinal artery at initial and last visits. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings disclosed diffuse thickening of the neurosensory retina in the perifoveolar area except two small areas at the first visit. After 6 months, spectral domain optical coherence tomography revealed diffuse thinning of the neurosensory retina except two small areas of the retina fed from two patent cilioretinal arteries. CONCLUSION: In this report, we documented double cilioretinal artery sparing in a patient with central retinal artery occlusion. It seems that a second cilioretinal artery can be present in some patients with central retinal artery occlusion.
Asunto(s)
Arterias Ciliares/anomalías , Angiografía con Fluoresceína/métodos , Oclusión de la Arteria Retiniana/diagnóstico , Arteria Retiniana/anomalías , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica/métodos , Malformaciones Vasculares/complicaciones , Arterias Ciliares/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Fondo de Ojo , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oftalmoscopía , Arteria Retiniana/diagnóstico por imagen , Oclusión de la Arteria Retiniana/etiología , Malformaciones Vasculares/diagnósticoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To evaluate the pain associated with intravitreal aflibercept injections. METHODS: The study included 119 patients who received intravitreal aflibercept injection at a single institution. Pain was evaluated by visual analog scale (VAS) immediately after the injection of 2 mg/0.05 mL aflibercept into the vitreous cavity using a 27-G needle. Additional variables including age, sex, indication for the injection, injection site by quadrant (superotemporal or inferotemporal), position during injection (sitting or supine), number of previous intravitreal injections in the study eye, presence of diabetes mellitus or hypertension, and lens status (phakic or pseudophakic) were recorded and assessed with self-reported pain scores. RESULTS: Pain scores on the VAS ranged from 9 to 70, with a median of 18. Indications for injection included diabetic macular edema (21.0%), macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (12.6%), and neovascular age-related macular degeneration (66.38%). Pain did not significantly correlate with any of the recorded variables. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first series evaluating the pain associated with intravitreal aflibercept injections. We demonstrated that pain associated with intravitreal aflibercept injection is generally mild with low pain scores.
Asunto(s)
Dolor/diagnóstico , Receptores de Factores de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/administración & dosificación , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/administración & dosificación , Enfermedades de la Retina/tratamiento farmacológico , Anciano , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Inyecciones Intravítreas/efectos adversos , Masculino , Dolor/etiología , Pronóstico , Estudios Prospectivos , Escala Visual AnalógicaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To evaluate the corneal clarity quantitatively by using corneal densitometry in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PES) and to compare the results with those of healthy control subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Corneal densitometry measurement of patients with bilateral PES and healthy control subjects was carried out by Scheimpflug corneal topography (PentacamHR). For densitometry analysis, the 12-mm diameter area of the cornea was subdivided into 4 concentric radial zones (0 to 2, 2 to 6, 6 to 10, 10 to 12 mm) and also into anterior, central, and posterior layers based on corneal depth. Corneal densitometry measurements were expressed in gray scale unit and only the data from the right eyes of subjects were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 176 patients [89 with PES (52 male, 37 female) and 87 healthy control subjects (52 male, 35 female)] were enrolled in the study. There was no significant difference between the mean corneal densitometry values at anterior 120 µm, central, and posterior 60 µm of the cornea in all concentric radial zones (P>0.05 for all). Corneal densitometry was positively correlated with age in both groups (r=0.558, P<0.001 in PES; r=0.584, P<0.001 in control group). CONCLUSIONS: Corneal densitometry that enables the objective assessment of corneal clarity was found to be similar in patients with bilateral PES and healthy control subjects. It is positively correlated with increasing age in both groups. However, microstructural changes that contribute to the corneal densitometry and the clinical relevance of these findings should be further highlighted in future studies.
Asunto(s)
Córnea/fisiopatología , Densitometría , Síndrome de Exfoliación/fisiopatología , Glaucoma de Ángulo Abierto/fisiopatología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Topografía de la Córnea , Femenino , Voluntarios Sanos , Humanos , Presión Intraocular/fisiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To evaluate the hereditary thrombophilic factors in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, exfoliative glaucoma, and exfoliation syndrome and to compare their results with those of healthy control subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 75 patients [25 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (group I), 25 patients with exfoliative glaucoma (group II), and 25 patients with exfoliation syndrome (group III)] and 25 healthy control subjects (group IV). Well-known hereditary thrombophilic factors including methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C677T mutation, prothrombin G20210A mutation, factor V Leiden mutation, activated protein C resistance, protein S, protein C, and antithrombin III activities, and homocysteine levels were measured in venous blood samples of all subjects. RESULTS: Fifty-one males and 49 females were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 67.8 ± 8.7 years (range, 46 to 87 y). There was no statistically significant difference with regard to the mean age (P=0.057) and distribution of sex (P=0.391) between the study groups. The difference of homocysteine, folate, vitamin B12, antithrombin III activity, protein C activity, free protein S activity, and activated protein C resistance were not statistically significant; and the number of subjects with MTHFR C677T, prothrombin G20210A, and factor V Leiden mutations were similar between the study groups. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that there is no significant difference between the prothrombotic inherited risk factors of glaucomatous and nonglaucomatous subjects.
Asunto(s)
Factores de Coagulación Sanguínea/metabolismo , Síndrome de Exfoliación/sangre , Glaucoma de Ángulo Abierto/sangre , Trombofilia/metabolismo , Resistencia a la Proteína C Activada/metabolismo , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antitrombina III/metabolismo , Factores de Coagulación Sanguínea/genética , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Síndrome de Exfoliación/genética , Factor V/genética , Factor V/metabolismo , Femenino , Glaucoma de Ángulo Abierto/genética , Homocisteína/sangre , Humanos , Presión Intraocular , Masculino , Metilenotetrahidrofolato Reductasa (NADPH2)/sangre , Metilenotetrahidrofolato Reductasa (NADPH2)/genética , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Polimorfismo de Longitud del Fragmento de Restricción , Estudios Prospectivos , Proteína C/metabolismo , Proteína S/metabolismo , Protrombina/genética , Protrombina/metabolismo , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The aim was to evaluate the agreement in the central corneal thickness (CCT), thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and mean simulated keratometry (simK) measurements using Pentacam, Galilei, and Sirius Scheimpflug systems in normal eyes. METHODS: Anterior segment measurements were performed with Pentacam, Galilei, and Sirius devices in 32 healthy subjects. The right eye of each participant was selected. Measurements obtained with the 3 systems were compared using repeated-measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni multiple comparisons test. RESULTS: Analysis of variance determined a significant difference in the anterior segment measurements of CCT, TCT, ACD, and simK between the 3 devices (P < 0.001). Pairwise comparisons of CCT and TCT measurements were significantly different except for the comparison between Pentacam and Sirius. All pairwise comparisons for ACD were statistically significant. The pairwise comparison results for simK values showed that the Galilei and Sirius systems demonstrated better agreement with each other than with Pentacam. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that the Pentacam, Galilei, and Sirius Scheimpflug systems should not be accepted as interchangeable for CCT, TCT, ACD, and simK in healthy subjects.