RESUMEN
An alternative method to conventional synthesis is examined in this review by the use of plant extracts as reducing and capping agents. The use of plant extracts represents an economically viable and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional synthesis. In contrast to previous reviews, this review focuses on the synthesis of nano-compounds utilizing plant extracts, which lack comprehensive reports. In order to synthesize diverse nanostructures, researchers have discovered a sustainable and cost-effective method of harnessing functional groups in plant extracts. Each plant extract is discussed in detail, along with its potential applications, demonstrating the remarkable morphological diversity achieved by using these green synthesis approaches. A reduction and capping agent made from plant extracts is aligned with the principles of green chemistry and offers economic advantages as well as paving the way for industrial applications. In this review, it is discussed the significance of using plant extracts to synthesize nano-compounds, emphasizing their potential to shape the future of nanomaterials in a sustainable and ecologically friendly manner.
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Nanopartículas del Metal , Nanoestructuras , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Tecnología Química Verde , Nanoestructuras/química , Plantas/química , AntibacterianosRESUMEN
In this article, we present the synthesis of binary CdAl4O7/CdO nanocomposites using green tea extracts and green chemistry methods for high-performance hydrogen storage. The green tea extract contains bioactive compounds (polyphenols) that act as reducing agents, which facilitate the reaction between metal ions and water. By examining the structural and morphological characteristics of the obtained substrates using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), it was demonstrated that the nanocomposites were successfully synthesized. We evaluated the electrochemical performance of the synthesized CdAl4O7/CdO nanocomposites using a three-electrode chronopotentiometry system. According to the results, the synthesized nanocomposites are capable of storing 1750 mAh/g of hydrogen at a constant current of 1 Amp. By using green tea extract as a natural structure-directing agent, the CdAl4O7/CdO nanocomposite can be developed more sustainably as high-performance hydrogen storage materials. Ultimately, this work contributes to the advancement of sustainable energy storage through the synthesis of a promising new material.
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Hidrógeno , Nanocompuestos , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Nanocompuestos/química , Difracción de Rayos X , Té/químicaRESUMEN
Multivariate resolution technique is a set of mathematical tools that uncovers the underlying profiles from a set of measurements of time evolving chemical systems. This technique was proposed for resolving the overlapping GC-MS peaks into pure chromatogram and mass spectra. In this paper, several common resolution chemometric techniques in GC-MS resolution such as mean field-independent component analysis (MF-ICA), multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS), and multivariate curve resolution-objective function minimization (MCR-FMIN) were investigated. The obtained solutions using chemometric methods are assessed by lack of fit (LOF) and R(2). Results show that all solutions by fulfilling the same constraints have same performance in resolving high overlapping peaks. Also, the differences obtained in each case should be related to the unresolved rotational ambiguity. Among the different ambiguities such as intensity, permutation and rotation in resolution methods, rotational ambiguity is the most difficult and critical one. Because of rotational ambiguity, there is a set of feasible MCR solutions, which explain equally well the observed experimental data, and fulfill sufficiently the imposed constraints of the system. So in these methods, a range of feasible solutions exist. The rotational ambiguities of the profiles are a challenging fact which complicates the development of stable and universal self-modeling curve resolution (SMCR) algorithms. The relative component contribution (RCC) function values for the component profiles obtained by the different methods are calculated by MCR-BANDS. The values of RCC for these three methods are equivalent. Rotational ambiguities of the solutions of SMCR methods can be reduced by applying suitable constraints. The obtained results show, using data sets, which are arranged in a single augmented data matrix could be the best solution for reducing or removing of rotational ambiguity.
Asunto(s)
Myrtus/química , Aceites de Plantas/análisis , Algoritmos , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Análisis de los Mínimos Cuadrados , Análisis Multivariante , Aceites Volátiles/análisisRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Comprehensive chemical profiling of herbal medicines (HMs) is a major challenge in chemical characterisation of source materials. Many analytical platforms such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) have been applied to the characterisation. However, the great complexity of analytical results has been an obstacle. Chemometric resolution methods as a supplementary tool for data processing are proposed for solving this problem. OBJECTIVE: To develop and demonstrate the ability of chemometric techniques in the characterisation of volatile components in herbal medicines. METHODS: The volatile components of Plantago ovata were extracted using a solvent extraction method. GC-MS analysis were performed using an Agilent HP-6890 gas chromatograph equipped with a HP-5MS capillary, interfaced with an Agilent HP- 5973 mass selective detector. Resolved spectra were identified by matching against the standard mass spectral database of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). RESULTS: Results of this study show that the 71 constituents that are qualitatively recognised represent 94.53% of the total relative content of constituents from Plantago ovata oil, whereas without applying the chemometric methods only 51 constituents were recognised by direct searching utilising a mass database. In addition the presence of valuable components such as thymol, 2,4-decadienal, linoleic acid and oleic acid in Plantago ovata oil has been demonstrated. CONCLUSION: GC-MS combined with chemometric resolution methods, such as multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS), will provide a reliable means for rapid and accurate analyses of unknown complicated practical systems.