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Objective: Review the relationship between Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and the cardiovascular (CV) system, as well as the CV manifestations of the disease and the CV complications of treatment. Methods: We performed a non-systematic review of the main databases, with no time limit. Results: People with MS tend to have a different CV risk than the general population, with a higher prevalence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, overweight, ischemic heart disease, and peripheral and cerebral artery disease. In addition, cardiac alterations can be present in any part of MS patient care. Furthermore, MS treatments are not innocuous for the CV system and require attention, especially considering fingolimod and mitoxantrone. Discussion: The findings could partially explain the higher mortality rates found in this population. Furthermore, at the onset, dysautonomia symptoms, like postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, can be used as a clinical marker of patients at higher risk to evolve from clinically isolated syndrome to MS. Finally, MS not only progress badly when associated with CV risk factors but are also at increased risk of CV morbidity and mortality. Conclusion: Physicians addressing MS patients should be aware of their increased cardiovascular risk and the impact that adequate control of these factors can have on disease progression, patient lifespan, and global care.

Objetivo: Analisar a relação entre a esclerose múltipla (EM) e o sistema cardiovascular (CV), bem como as manifestações CV da doença e as complicações CV do tratamento. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão não sistemática das principais bases de dados, sem limite de tempo. Resultados: Pessoas com EM tendem a ter um risco CV diferente da população em geral, com maior prevalência de hipertensão, hiperlipidemia, sobrepeso, cardiopatia isquêmica e doença arterial periférica e cerebral. Além disso, as alterações cardíacas podem estar presentes em qualquer parte do tratamento do paciente com EM. Além disso, os tratamentos da EM não são inócuos para o sistema CV e requerem atenção, especialmente considerando o fingolimod e a mitoxantrona. Discussão: Os achados podem explicar parcialmente as taxas de mortalidade mais altas encontradas nessa população. Além disso, no início, os sintomas de disautonomia, como a síndrome de taquicardia postural ortostática, podem ser usados como um marcador clínico de pacientes com maior risco de evoluir da síndrome clinicamente isolada para a EM. Por fim, a EM não só progride mal quando associada a fatores de risco CV, mas também apresenta um risco maior de morbidade e mortalidade CV. Conclusão: Os médicos que lidam com pacientes com EM devem estar cientes de seu risco cardiovascular aumentado e do impacto que um controle adequado desses fatores pode ter na progressão da doença, no tempo de vida do paciente e nos cuidados globais.

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Bidirectional ventricular tachycardia (BDVT) is defined by beat-to-beat alternation of the QRS axis on the electrocardiogram. Its diagnosis is uncommon, and the most characteristic etiology is digitalis intoxication (DI). We report the case of a patient with heart failure of valve origin admitted for sepsis that progressed to BDVT and death, associated with DI.

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The present academic work aims to contribute to an early diagnosis of neuralgic amyotrophy (NA) because of its high prevalence in the population. This disease is a neuromuscular syndrome with unclear etiology; it affects mostly the brachial plexus, causing acute pain in the affected shoulder, paralysis, and disabilities. Considering the importance of an early treatment that can modify the prognosis of the patient, knowing the last updates about the syndrome as its clinical presentation is important. Data analysis was conducted through an online non-systematic review that indicated the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and differential diagnosis and prognosis of NA. Knowledge of the clinical features of NA is not common; however, it is important in orthopedic practice because it requires differentiation from spine pathologies.