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Newborn mice were infected intracerebrally with abacterial cultures of the GL strain of Tetrahymena pyriformis, induced experimentally six years ago in vitro with Coxsackie B-5 virus. In the brain of the test animals there were pathologic changes similar to those found in the primary investigation of the pathogenicity of this strain, i.e., after 96 h of contact with the virus. Thus, the pathogenicity acquired by T. pyriformis, as well as the persistence of Coxsackie B-5 virus in this ciliate, can be considered stable. Despite such specific changes in the biological properties of T. pyriformis, the changes were not reflected in the morphology of the protozoon, which was investigated by means of light and electron microscopy.

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By means of light and electron microscopy a study was made of Sarcocystis sp. from 11 fallow deer (Cervus dama). Cysts of Sarcocystis sp. were found in the tongue and abdominal muscle of 3 of 11 deer from forests near Bonn (FRG). These measured 212-560 micron in length and 54-120 micron in width and contained metrocytes and merozoites. The cyst wall, which had narrow band-like protrusions, is compared with other Sarcocystis sp. from Cervidae.

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Cultures of Trichomonas vaginalis were found to be contaminated with Mycoplasma fermentans. By means of electron microscopy the interaction between the prokaryotic organisms and the trichomonads was examined. Cells of M. fermentans were observed in the medium; some of them were attached to the surface of the trichomonads and others were observed in membrane-bounded vacuoles of trichomonads. They were also present in the ground substance of the cytoplasm. The mycoplasmas divided by binary fission like other prokaryotes. The most obvious change occurring in the infected trichomonad cells was an increase in number of vacuoles containing mycoplasmas.

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The fine structure of the sexual stages of Cyclospora caryolytica and Eimeria goussevi from the epithelial cells of the small intestine of the European mole was studied by means of transmission electron microscopy. Special interest was given to the intranuclear development of C. caryolytica .

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Two strains of Trichomonas vaginalis, JH162A , with low pathogenicity, and Balt 44, with high pathogenicity, as well as one highly pathogenic strain, KV-1, of Tritrichomonas foetus were studied by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. The protoplasmic faces ( PFs ) of the cell membranes of all three strains of both species had similar numbers of intramembranous particles (IMPs); however, the particles in the external faces (EFs) of these membranes were least abundant in Trichomonas vaginalis strain Balt 44 and most numerous in those of strain JH162A of this species. In Tritrichomonas foetus strain KV-1 the number of IMPs in the EF was close to but somewhat lower than that in the mild strain of the human urogenital trichomonad . In both species, the anterior, but not the recurrent, flagella had rosette-like formations, consisting of approximately 9 to 12 IMPs on both the PFs and EFs. The numbers and distribution of the rosettes appeared to vary among different flagella and in different areas of individual flagella of a single organism belonging to either species. The freeze-fracture electron micrographs provided a more complete understanding of the fine structure of undulating membranes of Trichomonadinae , as represented by Trichomonas vaginalis, and of Tritrichomonadinae (the Tritrichomonas augusta -type), as exemplified by Tritrichomonas foetus, than was gained from previous transmission and scanning electron microscope studies. Typically three longitudinal rows of IMPs on the PF of the recurrent flagellum of Trichomonas vaginalis were noted in the area of attachment of this flagellum to the undulating membrane. The functional aspects of the various structures and differences between certain organelles revealed in the two trichomonad species by the freeze-fracture method are discussed.

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Sarcocystis sp. from the muscle of naturally infected white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) was examined by transmission electron microscopy. The primary cyst wall forms regularly spaced protrusions filled with electron-lucent ground substance; no fibrils are present in the protrusions. The cysts are divided by septa into compartments containing typical coccidian metrocytes and merozoites. Taxonomy of the protozoon from the white-tailed deer-dog is discussed.

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Eimeria truncata oocysts were isolated from a naturally infected goose stock. Domestic geese and ducks were inoculated with sporulated oocysts. Meronts, merozoites, macro- and microgamonts, and microgametes were studied with the light and electron microscope. These stages were located in the epithelial cells of the kidney tubules only. The meronts and merozoites showed the characteristic fine structures of Eimeria species. The macrogamonts only possessed one type of wall-forming bodies. It resembled the wall-forming bodies type I of other Eimeria species. One of the most prominent observations seemed to be the occurrence of osmiophilic granular material in the parasitophorous vacuoles of all endogenous stages of E. truncata.

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By means of electron microscopy a study has been made on Sarcocystis from 29 camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Egypt. In oesophagus and diaphragm muscles sarcocysts have been observed. The micromorphology of metrocytes, merozoites as well as of the cyst wall has been described.

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The analysis of fine structures by electron microscopic examination of ultrathin tissue sections permitted a diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in a fatal human case that would have gone undiagnosed by conventional methods. Examination of histologically prepared sections revealed organisms that were morphologically nondiagnostic. Fine-structural analysis showed the organisms to be 3 x 2 micrometer in size, to contain few micronemes, to contain as many as nine rhoptries, to possess an apical conoid, and to multiply by endodyogeny. The features corresponded to those observed in fine-structural analyses of Toxoplasma gondii grown in animals by Scholtyseck and Mehlhorn. Fine-structural analysis can be a valuable adjunct in the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis.

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