RESUMEN
The purpose of this report is to provide information about the different presentations of cardiac and extra-cardiac histophilosis and, to assess the antimicrobial (ATM) susceptibility of Histophilus somni isolated from these cardiac lesions to different ATM agents commonly used for treating bovine bacterial respiratory pathogens. Eight feedlot calves, which died after suffering from food rejection, apathy, hyperthermia, cough and nasal mucous discharge, and lack of response to ATM therapy, were studied. Cardiac lesions observed at necropsy included valvular/mural endocarditis, myocardial infarction, and necrotizing myocarditis, miliar non-suppurative myocarditis, myocardic necrotic sequestrum, and/or pericarditis. Histopathological, bacteriological and molecular studies confirmed the presence of a fastidious microorganism in the affected organs. H. somni showed no resistance to most ATM tested (ceftiofur, gamithromycin, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, tilmicosin). The results obtained in this study confirmed that H. somni was the main cause of the subacute cardiac lesions associated with hyperthermia, apathy and respiratory signs observed in cattle examined in this research. These presentations must be considered by veterinary practitioners in order to establish a rational therapeutic.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Bovinos , Miocarditis , Infecciones por Pasteurellaceae , Pasteurellaceae , Bovinos , Animales , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/microbiología , Infecciones por Pasteurellaceae/veterinaria , Infecciones por Pasteurellaceae/microbiología , Miocarditis/microbiología , Miocarditis/veterinaria , MuerteRESUMEN
The development of multidrug-resistant bacteria has revealed the need for new antimicrobial compounds. Cannabis sativa preparations have a long history of medical applications, including the treatment of infectious diseases. This review collects the information about the activity of C. sativa extracts and its main components (cannabinoids and terpenes) against pathogenic bacteria and fungus, to assess its potential using as antimicrobial agents.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Infecciones Bacterianas/tratamiento farmacológico , Cannabis/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Cannabinoides/farmacología , Cannabinoides/uso terapéutico , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Permeabilidad de la Membrana Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Terpenos/farmacología , Terpenos/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide spread phenomenon that affects both human and veterinary medicine. This issue has led to a "One Health" approach in order to coordinate efforts and set back the development of drug-resistant microbes. In the search for alternatives therapies, bacteriocins or antimicrobial peptides have proven to be effective both in vitro and in vivo for multiples pathogens, even those resistant to many classic antibiotics. Gram-positive bacteriocins have been the most studied to the present. The use of bacteriocins as therapeutically active molecules is limited mainly due to difficulties in production, purification, delivery systems and regulatory approvals. To overcome some of these limitations, biotechnological and nanotechnological approaches are evaluated. Bacteriocins proved to be a good complement for conventional antibiotics therapy. Antimicrobial peptides are nowadays included in the veterinary products such as udder disinfectant for dairy cattle and dermatological medicated wipe for topical use on dogs, cats, and horses. But there are other potential uses to explore in the veterinary field for both companion and production animals.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/uso terapéutico , Bacteriocinas/uso terapéutico , Bacterias Grampositivas/efectos de los fármacos , Medicina Veterinaria , Medicina Veterinaria/métodosRESUMEN
Helminthic infections are produced by different types of worms and affect millions of people worldwide. Benzimidazole compounds such as ricobendazole (RBZ) are widely used to treat helminthiasis. However, their low aqueous solubility leads to poor gastrointestinal dissolution, absorption and potential lack of efficacy. The formulation of nanocrystals (NCs) have become the strategy of preference for hydrophobic drugs. In this work, we prepared RBZ NCs (RBZ-NCs) by an optimized combination of bead milling and spray-drying. Following the physicochemical characterization, a comparative pharmacokinetic evaluation of RBZ-NCs was performed in dogs using as controls a micronized powdered form of RBZ (mRBZ) and a physical mixture of drug and stabilizer 1:1 (PM). The particle size of the redispersed RBZ-NCs was 181.30 ± 5.93 nm, whereas DSC, PXRD and FTIR analyses demonstrated that the active ingredient RBZ remained physicochemically unchanged after the manufacture process. RBZ-NCs exhibited improved in vitro biopharmaceutical behaviour when compared to mRBZ. Consequently, the pharmacokinetic trial demonstrated a significant increase in the drug oral absorption, with an AUC0-∞ 1.9-fold higher in comparison to that obtained in animals treated with mRBZ. This novel formulation holds substantial potential for the development of new/alternative treatments for helminth infections both in human and veterinary medicine.
Asunto(s)
Albendazol/análogos & derivados , Nanopartículas/química , Tamaño de la Partícula , Secado por Pulverización , Albendazol/síntesis química , Albendazol/farmacocinética , Animales , Antihelmínticos/síntesis química , Antihelmínticos/farmacocinética , Estudios Cruzados , Perros , Femenino , MasculinoRESUMEN
AIM: Solid dispersions using Poloxamer 407 as carrier were developed to improve albendazole (ABZ) solubility and dissolution profiles. METHODS: ABZ/poloxamer solid dispersions were prepared, and dissolution profiles were mathematically modeled and compared with physical mixtures, pharmaceutical ABZ and a commercial formulation. RESULTS: Poloxamer 407 increased exponentially ABZ solubility, in about 400% when 95% w/w of polymer compared with its absence. Solid dispersions initial dissolution rate was three to 20-fold higher than physical mixtures, the drug and the commercial formulation. All the solid dispersions required less than 2.2 min to reach an 80% of ABZ dissolution, while the commercial formulation needed around 40 min. CONCLUSION: Solid dispersions improved ABZ solubility and dissolution rate, which could result in a faster absorption and an increased bioavailability.