RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Aspirin-induced asthma (AIA) affects one in 10 individuals with adult-onset asthma. It is not known if aspirin sensitivity is due to immune mechanisms or to interference with biochemical pathways. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to test for possible involvement of the genes of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) in AIA. METHODS: HLA-DPB1 and HLA-DRB1 genotyping was carried out by DNA methods in 59 patients with positive challenge tests for AIA and in 48 normal and 57 asthmatic controls. RESULTS: The DPB1*0301 frequency was increased in AIA patients when compared with normal controls (19.5% vs 5.2%, Odds Ratio = 4.4, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.6-12.1, P = 0.002), and compared with asthmatic controls (4.4%, OR = 5.3, 95% CI = 1.9-14.4, P = 0.0001). The frequency of DPB1*0401 in AIA subjects was decreased when compared with normal controls (28.8% vs 49.0%, OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.24-0.74, P = 0.003) and asthmatic controls (45.6%, OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.28-0.83, P = 0.008). The results remained significant when corrected for multiple comparisons. There were no significant HLA-DRB1 associations with AIA. CONCLUSION: The presence of an HLA association suggests that immune recognition of an unknown antigen may be part of the aetiology of AIA.

Asunto(s)

Asma/inducido químicamente , Asma/genética , Antígenos HLA-DP/genética , Antígenos HLA-DR/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Alelos , Alérgenos/inmunología , Aspirina/inmunología , Aspirina/farmacología , Pruebas de Provocación Bronquial , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oportunidad Relativa , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Pruebas Cutáneas

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: There are two isoforms of cyclo-oxygenase (COX), namely COX-1 and COX-2. COX-1 is constitutively expressed in most tissues and in blood platelets. The metabolites derived from COX-1 are probably involved in cellular housekeeping functions. COX-2 is expressed only following cellular activation by inflammatory stimuli and is thought to be involved in inflammation. METHODS: The expression of COX-1 and COX-2 isoenzymes has been studied in the bronchial mucosa of 10 normal and 18 asthmatic subjects, 11 of whom had aspirin-sensitive asthma (ASA) and seven had non-aspirin-sensitive asthma (NASA) RESULTS: There was a significant fourfold and 14-fold increase, respectively, in the epithelial and submucosal cellular expression of COX-2, but not of COX-1, in asthmatic patients. There was no significant difference in the total number of cells staining for either COX-1 or COX-2 between subjects with ASA and NASA, but the number and percentage of mast cells that expressed COX-2 was significantly increased sixfold and twofold, respectively, in individuals with ASA. There was a mean fourfold increase in the percentage of COX-2 expressing cells that were mast cells in subjects with ASA and the number of eosinophils expressing COX-2 was increased 2.5-fold in these subjects. CONCLUSION: COX-2-derived metabolites may play an essential part in the inflammatory processes present in asthmatic airways and development of drugs targeted at this isoenzyme may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of asthma. Mast cells and eosinophils may also have a central role in the pathology of aspirin-sensitive asthma.

Asunto(s)

Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/efectos adversos , Aspirina/efectos adversos , Asma/enzimología , Bronquios/enzimología , Isoenzimas/metabolismo , Prostaglandina-Endoperóxido Sintasas/metabolismo , Adulto , Asma/inducido químicamente , Asma/patología , Recuento de Células , Eosinófilos/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador , Inmunohistoquímica , Isoenzimas/análisis , Masculino , Mastocitos/enzimología , Mastocitos/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Membrana Mucosa/enzimología , Neutrófilos/enzimología , Neutrófilos/patología , Prostaglandina-Endoperóxido Sintasas/análisis , Estadísticas no Paramétricas

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The aspirin-induced bronchoconstriction in patients with aspirin-sensitive asthma is caused by cysteinyl leukotriene release. The cellular source of the leukotrienes is unknown. The inflammatory cell infiltrate in bronchial biopsy samples from seven aspirin-sensitive asthmatic (ASA) subjects and eight non-ASA subjects before and after local challenge with lysine aspirin was therefore examined. METHODS: Using flexible bronchoscopy, airway mucosal biopsy samples were taken and lysine aspirin solution was placed directly onto a carina of the contralateral lung. Twenty minutes later a second series of biopsy samples was taken from the site of the local endobronchial lysine aspirin challenge. The biopsy samples were double immunostained with a rabbit polyclonal antibody to the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase and monoclonal antibodies to mast cells (AA1), neutrophils (NP57), macrophages (EBM11), T lymphocytes (anti-CD3), and total (BMK13) and activated eosinophils (EG2). RESULTS: A decrease in both absolute mast cell numbers staining with mast cell tryptase (AA1) and the percentage of mast cells co-immunostaining with 5-lipoxygenase was seen in the ASA patients after lysine aspirin challenge compared with the non-ASA control group. There was also an increase in the numbers of activated eosinophils (EG2) in the ASA subjects compared with the non-ASA group. No changes were observed in the total numbers of macrophages (EBM11), neutrophils (NP57), total eosinophils (BMK13), and T lymphocytes (anti-CD3) after challenge with lysine aspirin. CONCLUSIONS: The decrease in numbers of mast cells staining for tryptase and the increase in activated eosinophils after endobronchial challenge with lysine aspirin may represent degranulation of these cell types, and may be an early event associated with aspirin-sensitive reactions in ASA subjects.

Asunto(s)

Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos , Aspirina , Asma/patología , Bronquios/efectos de los fármacos , Administración Tópica , Adulto , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/administración & dosificación , Araquidonato 5-Lipooxigenasa/metabolismo , Aspirina/administración & dosificación , Asma/inducido químicamente , Bronquios/patología , Broncoscopía , Esquema de Medicación , Eosinófilos/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Recuento de Leucocitos , Masculino , Mastocitos/enzimología , Mastocitos/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad

RESUMEN

The inflammatory cell infiltrate in bronchial biopsies of 12 aspirin-sensitive asthmatic (ASA) subjects and eight non-aspirin-sensitive (non-ASA) control subjects have been compared. Biopsies were taken from a right middle or lower lobe segmental carina using fiberoptic bronchoscopy. The biopsies were snap-frozen in OCT, and sections 5 microns thick were doubled immunostained using a rabbit polyclonal antibody to the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) and with a monoclonal antibody to neutrophils (NP57), macrophages (EMB11), and total (BMK13) and activated eosinophils (EG2), mast cells (AA1), and T-lymphocytes (anti-CD3). There was no significant difference in the total numbers of cells staining for 5-LO between the two groups of subjects. As a percentage of total 5-LO cells, there were significantly more mast cells (12.9 +/- 3.8% versus 3.4 +/- 3.1%; p = 0.039) and total eosinophils (34.7 +/- 9.4% versus 11.1 +/- 3.8%; p = 0.044) and significantly fewer macrophages (23.3 +/- 6.1% versus 39.8% +/- 5.3; p = 0.041) in the bronchial biopsies from ASA subjects as compared with non-ASA patients. The numbers of neutrophils, T-lymphocytes, and activated eosinophils were similar for the two groups. The increased numbers of eosinophils and mast cells identified in the bronchial tissue from aspirin-sensitive asthmatic subjects may be the source of the enhanced cysteinyl leukotriene production observed in these subjects.

Asunto(s)

Aspirina/efectos adversos , Asma/patología , Bronquios/citología , Hipersensibilidad a las Drogas/etiología , Inflamación/patología , Administración por Inhalación , Administración Oral , Administración Tópica , Corticoesteroides/administración & dosificación , Adulto , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/administración & dosificación , Asma/tratamiento farmacológico , Biopsia , Bronquios/patología , Broncodilatadores/administración & dosificación , Broncoscopía , Budesonida , Recuento de Células , Colorantes , Interpretación Estadística de Datos , Eosinófilos/citología , Femenino , Glucocorticoides , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Macrófagos/citología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neutrófilos/citología , Prednisolona/administración & dosificación , Pregnenodionas/administración & dosificación , Conejos , Linfocitos T/citología

RESUMEN

Aspirin-sensitive rhinosinusitis is a non-allergic, non-infectious perennial eosinophilic rhinitis starting in middle age and rarely seen in children. It may also been seen in atopic patients who have developed a mixed type rhinitis with recurrent airway infections. There is an intolerance to aspirin and most other NSAID. An intolerance to tartrazine, food additives, alcohol, narcotics and local anaesthetics can follow. Most aspirin-sensitive patients develop nasal polyps. Untreated, it can lead to asthma. The frequency of aspirin intolerance is 6.18% in patients with perennial rhinitis and 14.68% in patients with nasal polyps. Immunologic studies of the blood and the nasal polyps show a hyperreactive immune system with an activation of the eosinophil granulocytes due to a TH1-lymphocyte-activation. In atopic subjects with a mixed type rhinitis, we found a TH2- and B-lymphocyte-activation as well. Inhibition of eosinophil apoptosis might be a second remarkable change in the immune system of aspirin-sensitive patients. A key pathogenic event for aspirin sensitivity is the change of the leukotriene pathway for arachidonic acid metabolism releasing high amounts of leukotrienes LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4, effective chemoattractants and activators of inflammatory cells. For the diagnosis of aspirin intolerance, nasal, bronchial and oral challenge are available. The sensitivity of nasal challenge with lysine-aspirin for the diagnosis of aspirin-sensitive rhinitis is 0.93, the specificity 0.97. It is the safest test in aspirin-sensitive asthmatics causing bronchial side effects only in 0.45%. Therapy of aspirin-sensitive rhinosinusitis includes avoidance of aspirin and NSAID. A general down regulation of the immune response with glucocorticosteroids is an effective means. We prefer a maintenance dose of budesonid 400 micrograms a day. Systemic steroids for a reversibility test or in exacerbation due to viral infection are given in a dose of 50 mg a day for one week. If steroids don't work well enough, we combine them with aspirin desensitizations at a maintenance dose of 500 mg a day. Gastrointestinal side effects occur in 20% of the patients with a dose of 500 mg aspirin a day, in 46% with a mean dose of 1300 mg a day. The combined treatment of topical nasal steroids and aspirin-desensitization is effective in 65% of the patients with improvement in the symptoms of hyper-secretion, irritation and blockage, while 73% show improvement of polyps, hyposmia and anosmia. Endonasal endoscopic surgery of the ethmoids, turbinectoms and septoplasty should be done if necessary, especially in cases where conservative treatment fails. After surgery a further antiinflammatory treatment is absolutely necessary otherwise polyps reoccur in 90% of the cases after weeks or months. Unfortunately there is so far no curative treatment. New drugs like cytokine or leukotriene receptor antagonists give hope for better results in treatment of aspirin intolerance in the future.

Asunto(s)

Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/efectos adversos , Aspirina/efectos adversos , Hipersensibilidad a las Drogas/complicaciones , Rinitis Alérgica Perenne/inducido químicamente , Sinusitis/inducido químicamente , Corticoesteroides , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Asma/inducido químicamente , Pruebas de Provocación Bronquial , Terapia Combinada , Desensibilización Inmunológica , Hipersensibilidad a las Drogas/terapia , Humanos , Manometría , Pruebas de Provocación Nasal , Rinitis Alérgica Perenne/diagnóstico , Rinitis Alérgica Perenne/inmunología , Sinusitis/diagnóstico , Sinusitis/inmunología , Esteroides

RESUMEN

Urinary leukotriene E4 (LTE4) increases during exacerbations of asthma and following antigen challenge. We determined whether urinary LTE4 excretion reflects sulphidopeptide leukotrienes in the airways of asthmatic patients. Urinary LTE4 concentration was measured prior to and 1.5 and 3.5 h following inhalation of bronchoconstrictive doses of leukotriene C4 (LTC4) or LTE4 in eight asthmatic subjects. Increasing doses of agonist were inhaled until a 35% fall in specific airways conductance (sGaw) was achieved. There was no significant difference between the 53 +/- 3% (mean +/- SEM) fall in sGaw following inhalation of LTC4 (63.1 ng geometric mean, GM, range 5.8-527.5 ng) and the 43 +/- 4% fall in sGaw following inhalation of LTE4 7.94 ng/GM (range 132-3701 ng). The LTE4 excretion rate increased significantly from 2.95 (range 0.6-17.5) ng.h-1 to 4.67 (range 0.8-20) ng.h-1 at 1.5 h following LTC4 inhalation; and from 1.8 (range 0.07-6.7) ng.h-1 to 6.9 (range 2.9-27.3) ng.h-1 at 1.5 h following LTE4 inhalation; and had returned from baseline by 3.5 h. There was a correlation between the dose of LTC4 inhaled and LTE4 excreted in the urine (r = 0.82 and r = 0.72, respectively). The % recovery of LTE4 in the urine, of the total dose of inhaled LTC4 or LTE4 administered, was 6.9 +/- 4.1% and 0.8 +/- 0.3%, respectively. Thus, inhalation of bronchoconstricting doses of LTC4 or LTE4 alter urinary LTE4 excretion in a dose-dependent fashion. This indicates that urinary LTE4 can be used as a marker of sulphidopeptide leukotriene synthesis in the lungs of patients with asthma.

Asunto(s)

Asma/metabolismo , Leucotrieno C4/metabolismo , Leucotrieno E4/metabolismo , Leucotrieno E4/orina , Administración por Inhalación , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Leucotrieno C4/administración & dosificación , Leucotrieno E4/administración & dosificación , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad

RESUMEN

We wanted to determine whether the airway response to inhaled leukotriene C4 (LTC4) is similar to inhaled leukotriene E4 (LTE4) in aspirin-sensitive asthma and, therefore, determined airway responsiveness to histamine, LTC4 and LTE4 in seven aspirin-sensitive subjects and 13 control asthmatic subjects, who were tolerant of aspirin. The concentration of inhaled lysine-aspirin which produced a 15% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (PC15) was determined in aspirin-sensitive asthmatic subjects. The dose of histamine, LTC4 and LTE4 which produced a 35% fall in specific airways conductance (PD35sGaw) was determined by linear interpolation from the log dose response curve. There was no correlation between the PC15 for lysine-aspirin and the airway reactivity to inhaled LTC4 or LTE4. There was no difference in airway response to histamine and LTC4 between any of the groups of asthmatic subjects. There was a rank order of potency LTC4 > LTE4 > histamine in both groups, with LTC4 approximately 1,000 fold more potent than histamine in both groups. Aspirin-sensitive asthmatic subjects were significantly more responsive to LTE4 (p = 0.02) than aspirin-tolerant asthmatic subjects. The relative responsiveness of LTE4 to histamine (PD35 histamine/PD35 LTE4) was significantly greater in aspirin-sensitive asthmatic subjects compared to aspirin-tolerant asthmatic subjects (p = 0.05). There was no difference in relative responsiveness of LTC4 to histamine between aspirin-sensitive or aspirin-tolerant asthmatic subjects. We conclude that the airways of aspirin-sensitive asthmatic subjects demonstrate a selective hyperresponsiveness to LTE4, which is not observed for LTC4.

Asunto(s)

Aspirina/efectos adversos , Asma/fisiopatología , Histamina/farmacología , Leucotrieno C4/farmacología , Leucotrieno E4/farmacología , Sistema Respiratorio/efectos de los fármacos , Adolescente , Adulto , Aspirina/análogos & derivados , Femenino , Volumen Espiratorio Forzado/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Lisina/efectos adversos , Lisina/análogos & derivados , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Previous work has suggested that in addition to environmental influences, there is a genetic predisposition for the development of both asthma and atopy. A subset of asthmatic subjects who are intolerant to aspirin has been identified. A previous study has suggested that there is an association between aspirin sensitivity and HLA-DQw2. METHODS: To further assess this association, we studied two populations of aspirin-sensitive subjects and aspirin-tolerant subjects with asthma. Genomic DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and hybridized with radiolabeled oligonucleotide probes specific to the second exon of the DRB1, DQA1, DQB1, and DPB1 chains. RESULTS: Using polymerase chain reaction amplification of genomic DNA and sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes, we have been unable to confirm a significant association between aspirin sensitivity and HLA-DQw2. CONCLUSION: We have shown, however, that there is a significant decrease in the incidence of DPB1*0401 in both aspirin-tolerant and aspirin-intolerant subjects with asthma in both populations studied.

Asunto(s)

Aspirina/efectos adversos , Asma/genética , Antígenos HLA-D/genética , Sondas de Oligonucleótidos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Aspirina/administración & dosificación , Asma/inducido químicamente , Asma/fisiopatología , Secuencia de Bases , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Tolerancia a Medicamentos , Femenino , Volumen Espiratorio Forzado/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina E/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Fenotipo , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Pruebas Cutáneas

RESUMEN

61 patients suffering from intrinsic (idiotypic) or extrinsic (allergic) asthma were investigated for signs of complement activation and for C3 phenotype distribution. Activation of both the classical and alternative pathway of the complement system and generation of the membrane attack complex could be assessed by ELISAs for the activation-specific protein-protein complexes C1rsC1 inhibitor, C3b(Bb)P and SC5b-9, respectively. A possible deficiency of the complement regulatory proteins C1 inhibitor, factor H and factor I was excluded. In contrast to earlier studies, C3 allele frequencies did not differ from those found in the healthy population. Our results support the role of complement activation during bronchial asthma and, thereby, provide further evidence for the inflammatory nature of the disease.

Asunto(s)

Asma/inmunología , Activación de Complemento , Complemento C3/genética , Alelos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Polimorfismo Genético

Asunto(s)

Aspirina/efectos adversos , Asma/inducido químicamente , Adolescente , Adulto , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/efectos adversos , Asma/diagnóstico , Asma/fisiopatología , Asma/terapia , Plaquetas/fisiología , Niño , Inhibidores de la Ciclooxigenasa/efectos adversos , Humanos , Leucotrienos/metabolismo , Mastocitos/fisiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Virosis/complicaciones

RESUMEN

The FEV1 and urinary leukotriene E4 (LTE4) concentrations were determined in six aspirin-sensitive and six non-aspirin-sensitive asthmatic subjects before and after inhalation challenge with lysine-aspirin or placebo solution. Lysine-aspirin produced a mean fall in FEV1 of 26.7 +/- 4.9% (mean +/- SEM) in subjects with aspirin sensitivity and of 8.5 +/- 6.5% (mean +/- SEM) in non-aspirin-sensitive asthmatic subjects. The mean baseline urinary LTE4 concentration of 83 pg/mg creatinine (geometric mean [GM], range 15 to 326 pg/mg creatinine) in aspirin-sensitive subjects was significantly higher than the 33.8 pg/mg creatinine (GM, range 10 to 111 pg/mg creatinine) in non-aspirin-sensitive subjects (p = 0.02). In aspirin-sensitive subjects, inhalation challenge with lysine-aspirin produced a significant increase in urinary LTE4 concentration to 240 pg/mg creatinine (GM, range 60 to 1,113 pg/mg creatine), which was not observed after placebo challenge. There was no significant change in urinary LTE4 concentration after inhalation challenge with either lysine-aspirin or placebo solution in non-aspirin-sensitive asthmatic subjects. Thus, sulfidopeptide leukotrienes are released after inhalation of lysine-aspirin in aspirin-sensitive asthmatic patients.

Asunto(s)

Aspirina/análogos & derivados , Asma/orina , Lisina/análogos & derivados , SRS-A/análogos & derivados , Administración por Inhalación , Adulto , Aspirina/administración & dosificación , Aspirina/efectos adversos , Asma/fisiopatología , Pruebas de Provocación Bronquial , Broncoconstricción/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Volumen Espiratorio Forzado/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Leucotrieno E4 , Lisina/administración & dosificación , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , SRS-A/orina

RESUMEN

We have determined IgG subclass concentrations in 100 patients with aspirin-induced asthma and 80 healthy controls. Patients on chronic corticotherapy (n = 64) had significantly lower total IgG levels than patients not receiving steroids (n = 36) or controls. Corticotherapy was not associated with changes in the subclass distributions. In patients, the most striking finding was elevation of IgG4. It was not related to corticotherapy or serum IgE levels. The rise in IgG4 was accompanied by a modest, though statistically significant, depression of IgG1. No changes of IgG2 and IgG3 concentrations were observed. Thus, aspirin-induced asthma is characterized by a distinct pattern of distributions of IgG subclasses. It is suggested that in aspirin-induced asthma elevation of IgG4 might result from chronic antigenic stimulation, of viral origin, and that determination of IgG subclass distribution might be of clinical interest.

Asunto(s)

Aspirina/inmunología , Asma/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina G/análisis , Humanos , Distribución Tisular

Asunto(s)

Asma/diagnóstico , Hiperreactividad Bronquial/diagnóstico , Pruebas de Provocación Bronquial/métodos , Histamina , Asma/fisiopatología , Pruebas de Provocación Bronquial/instrumentación , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Histamina/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Estudios Prospectivos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados

RESUMEN

There have been several reports on alterations of platelet function and raised plasma heparin levels in symptom-free atopic subjects. Either of these can affect formation of thrombin in vivo. In 25 symptom-free atopic patients and 32 healthy volunteers we studied the generation of thrombin in blood emerging from a standardized skin microvasculature injury, which also served to determine bleeding time. Generation of thrombin was delayed in atopics. They produced significantly less thrombin (P less than 0.01) during the early and central phase of haemostasis. The amount of thrombin generated was inversely correlated to bleeding time, which in atopics was on average 50 sec longer than in controls (P = 0.055). Two hours after ingestion of 500 mg aspirin, this difference increased up to 150 sec, although the individual responses varied markedly (P = 0.08), while the generation of thrombin became strongly depressed in both groups. The possible clinical relevance of the delayed formation of thrombin in atopy awaits further studies.

Asunto(s)

Asma/sangre , Rinitis Alérgica Estacional/sangre , Trombina/biosíntesis , Aspirina/farmacología , Tiempo de Sangría , Fibrinopéptido A/análisis , Hemostasis/fisiología , Humanos

RESUMEN

Among ten different allergens, house-dust extract proved to be the most potent complement activator. It was therefore chosen to investigate the susceptibility of complement in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with extrinsic asthma and control persons. Complement activation in serum was assessed by the appearance of C3d as well as the activation-specific protein-protein complexes C1rs-C1inhibitor (classical pathway) and C3b(Bb)P (alternative pathway). Complement was activated via both the classical and the alternative pathway in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In contrast to earlier observations, however, complement was less affected in the serum of asthmatics than in the serum of normal individuals. Differences were restricted to alternative-pathway activation, probably due to preactivation and/or a significantly higher serum concentration of the regulatory protein factor H in asthmatic patients. In vitro generation of C3a in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid could not be achieved, although the presence of alternative pathway proteins C3, B and D was demonstrated.

Asunto(s)

Asma/inmunología , Activación de Complemento/fisiología , Polvo/análisis , Alérgenos/administración & dosificación , Anafilatoxinas/metabolismo , Asma/sangre , Asma/fisiopatología , Pruebas de Provocación Bronquial , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/inmunología , Complemento C3a/análisis , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Humanos , Cinética

RESUMEN

In conditions associated with stimulation of cellular immunity and enhanced macrophage activity, for example, in viral infections, neopterin is elevated. Acute exacerbations of bronchial asthma--in particular in the case of intrinsic asthma--are frequently precipitated by viral infections of the upper airways. In both extrinsic and intrinsic asthma, neopterin is normal in the stable phases. In the exacerbation phase with signs of infection of the upper airways, however, neopterin in significantly elevated both in the serum and in the urine. In contrast, during and following positive inhalative provocation testing with histamine, allergens and aspirin, no increase in neopterin is to be observed.

Asunto(s)

Asma/inmunología , Biopterinas/análogos & derivados , Pruebas de Provocación Bronquial/métodos , Activación de Linfocitos/inmunología , Activación de Macrófagos/inmunología , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/inmunología , Biopterinas/orina , Humanos , Neopterin , Linfocitos T/inmunología

RESUMEN

In 86 asthmatic children, the theophylline levels in the serum and saliva were compared. A pronounced (r = 0.95) and statistically highly significant (p less than 0.001) relationship was observed to exist between the theophylline concentrations in serum and saliva.

Asunto(s)

Asma/sangre , Saliva/metabolismo , Teofilina/farmacocinética , Adolescente , Asma/tratamiento farmacológico , Niño , Preescolar , Preparaciones de Acción Retardada , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Teofilina/administración & dosificación

RESUMEN

The protective effect of NaS in analgetic-induced asthma (AIA) was investigated in patients with AIA. In none of the patients was the asthmatic reaction to acetylsalicylic acid (ASS) completely inhibited by the oral administration of NaS. In a single patient, an intolerance reaction occurred after oral ingestion of the substance. In several patients, induction of tolerance towards acetylsalicyclic acid was facilitated after prior ingestion of NaS.

Asunto(s)

Aspirina , Asma/prevención & control , Pruebas de Provocación Bronquial/métodos , Hipersensibilidad a las Drogas/prevención & control , Salicilato de Sodio/administración & dosificación , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Volumen Espiratorio Forzado/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Premedicación

Asunto(s)

Analgésicos/efectos adversos , Asma/genética , Hipersensibilidad a las Drogas/genética , Antígenos HLA/genética , Haplotipos/genética , Humanos , Factores de Riesgo , Síndrome

RESUMEN

Individual immunoprint patterns of sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-separated Aspergillus fumigatus (Af) allergens/antigens were evaluated in 28 patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in stages II to V. It could be demonstrated that active disease (stage III) is characterized by a very strong IgE response against a variety of Af components, whereas the IgE antibody pattern in corticosteroid-treated patients who have demonstrated improvement is much weaker. In patients in remission (stage II), it is minimal. In contrast, many patients in stage V without corticosteroid treatment demonstrated a strong reactivity of IgE antibodies, indicating persisting active disease. The pattern of IgG antibodies with individual Af components resembles, in general, that of IgE antibodies; however, discrimination between different stages and between treated patients is much weaker. Our results indicate that a certain relationship between the different stages of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and Af immunoprint patterns exists.

Asunto(s)

Alérgenos/aislamiento & purificación , Anticuerpos Antifúngicos/aislamiento & purificación , Aspergilosis Broncopulmonar Alérgica/inmunología , Aspergillus fumigatus/inmunología , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Humanos , Immunoblotting , Inmunoglobulina E/análisis , Prueba de Radioalergoadsorción