RESUMEN
Glaucoma is one of the most common blinding diseases worldwide. For early detection and treatment of this insidious ailment investigations of risk factors are necessary, most of which require extensive technically demanding and time consuming procedures. Basic information on risk factors for the development of glaucomatous damage is essential for diagnosis of glaucoma, for the identification of groups at risk, and for the planning of prevention and intervention programs. Epidemiological data on secondary glaucomas is especially scarce, while at the same time the strict distinction between primary and secondary glaucomas has been abandoned with changing pathophysiological rationale. We compared the distribution of the main causes of secondary glaucomas in the university eye clinics in Munich and Nairobi, with the aim of finding possible risk factors and obtaining basic information that might be used in preventive programs. We examined 150 patients in Munich and 132 in Nairobi in 1991 and 1992. In addition to tests of visual acuity and intraocular pressure, gonioscopy, ophthalmoscopic assessment of the optic disc and perimetry were performed. Eyes with intraocular pressures above 22 mmHg and a detectable causative condition were selected for the study. The average age of the patients in Munich was 65 years, and most of them presented with glaucoma caused by iris neovascularization (42%), followed by exfoliation syndrome (14%), intraocular inflammation (11%), trauma (10%) and preceding ocular surgery (9%). In Kenya patients were significantly younger, with an average age of 41 years. Here most glaucomas were posttraumatic (40%); 70% of these patients were aged under 30. Other causes were earlier operations (17%), inflammation (16%), lentogenous changes (10%) and neovascularizations (10%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Asunto(s)
Comparación Transcultural , Países en Desarrollo , Glaucoma/etiología , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Alemania , Glaucoma/prevención & control , Humanos , Kenia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
A 9 year old patient with a right ophthalmomyiasis is presented. The infestation happened in Greece during vacation. The symptoms consisted of conjunctivitis and rinitis. The larvaes were removed from the conjunctiva and specified as larvaes I from Oestrus ovis. The infestation possibilities, different clinical evolutions and therapy are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de la Conjuntiva/patología , Miasis/patología , Animales , Niño , Conjuntiva/patología , Enfermedades de la Conjuntiva/terapia , Humanos , Larva/ultraestructura , Masculino , Miasis/terapiaRESUMEN
The therapeutic effects of heat (43 degrees C) as an adjunct to irradiation have generated increasing interest in oncology. It was shown that hyperthermia in addition to irradiation may allow for a radiation dose reduction which may be followed by a decreased irradiation - induced ocular morbidity rate. Intraocular malignant tumors offer excellent conditions for heat application since tumor volumes are small and heat can be locally generated to the tumor through the overlying sclera. Additionally, the vascular supply of intraocular melanoma is restricted to the choroid, limiting the blood flow related heat loss. At present, both experimental and clinical thermoradiotherapy for intraocular malignancies is performed by several investigators including Astrahan (Los Angeles), Coleman (New York), Mieler (Milwaukee), Finger and Packer (Manhasset), Swift (San Francisco), Lagendijk (Utrecht), Alberti (Essen) as well as our group in Munich. Both the advantages and disadvantages of the different technical modalities including our newly designed microwave hyperthermia system are discussed and it is emphasized that thermoradiotherapy at present is almost exclusively experimental. However, it is anticipated that future technology of electromagnetic heat induction will increase the existing therapeutic potential of thermoradiotherapy in intraocular malignancies.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Coroides/terapia , Hipertermia Inducida/instrumentación , Melanoma/terapia , Humanos , Microondas/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
The orbital teratoma is a rare congenital neoplasm. It develops from ectopic pluripotential germinal cells. In none of the cases so far described in the literature were there any signs of malignancy. The clinical appearance of the tumor is very typical; it can be diagnosed by means of ultrasound and CT scan, as shown in the present paper. Fewer than 20% of all published cases of congenital orbital teratoma were treated by methods aimed at preserving the ocular bulb. The reason why so many cases were treated by exenteration of the entire orbit was the fear of malignancy which seemed to derive from the rapid growth of the tumor. However, not a single confirmed case of malignant orbital teratoma has been described in the literature. Hence an attempt should be made to perform a local excision of the tumor without sacrificing the ocular bulb. There is then a chance that some vision will be preserved and that development of the bony structures of the orbit will be improved.