RESUMEN
A comparative analysis of the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in colorectal cancer patients older and younger than 60 years has been performed. It was determined that the risk of complications of neoadjuvant CRT, as well as the degree of its adverse effect on outcomes after surgical treatment, are not significant for the age of patients. However, the use of preoperative CRT in elderly patients is associated with a less significant increase in recurrence-free survival in comparison with younger patients. Thus, the age factor should not limit the use of neoadjuvant CRT in patients with satisfactory general status and the absence of severe complications of the pathological process.
Asunto(s)
Terapia Neoadyuvante , Neoplasias del Recto/terapia , Anciano , Quimioradioterapia , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Terapia Neoadyuvante/efectos adversos , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Neoplasias del Recto/mortalidad , Neoplasias del Recto/cirugíaRESUMEN
Severe comorbidity significantly limits the use of active surgical tactics in patients of older age groups suffering from colorectal cancer (CRC), leading to the abandonment of the necessary operations in 20 % of cases. The low use of radical surgical tactics are not always related to objective difficulties, but often can be due to the stereotypical approach to solving the question of the treatment of the elderly patient, which leads to unreasonable refusal of surgical intervention. Today is not defined by a single concept of surgical treatment of patients with colon cancer in elderly and senile age. There is no universally accepted system for determining the functional operability in this group of patients, not developed specific algorithms for their preoperative preparation and perioperative management. In this regard, the search for new approaches to surgical treatment of geriatric patients with CRC, allowing, on the one hand, to increase the percentage of completion radical surgery, and on the other, to reduce the number of postoperative complications in this numerous group of patients, is one of the priority tasks of Oncology.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Colorrectales , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos del Sistema Digestivo , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/prevención & control , Anciano , Neoplasias Colorrectales/epidemiología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/fisiopatología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/cirugía , Comorbilidad , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos del Sistema Digestivo/efectos adversos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos del Sistema Digestivo/métodos , Humanos , Manejo de Atención al Paciente/métodos , Atención Perioperativa/métodos , Ajuste de RiesgoRESUMEN
Late diagnostics of colon cancer along with high specific weight of the patients of elder age groups indicated the urgency of study of application of cytoreductive surgery in elderly and senile patients of with colorectal cancer. A comparative assessment of the results of cytoreductive operations (primary tumor resection) was made in two groups of patients with disseminated colon cancer (younger and older than 60 years old). It was stated, that the performance of palliative resection allowed them to obtain of encouraging remote results, provide more higher survival rates than in patients of young and mean age groups. The more frequent development of complications after cytoreductive operations was associated with decompensation of accompanying pathology in patients of elder age groups. These data confirmed the need of their adequate correction in preoperative period. The application of cytoreductive surgery significantly improved the quality of life of the patients of elder age groups with disseminated forms of colon cancer.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Colorrectales , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos de Citorreducción , Periodo Perioperatorio , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/diagnóstico , Calidad de Vida , Anciano , Neoplasias Colorrectales/mortalidad , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/psicología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/cirugía , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos de Citorreducción/efectos adversos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos de Citorreducción/métodos , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Periodo Perioperatorio/métodos , Periodo Perioperatorio/psicología , Factores de Riesgo , Federación de Rusia/epidemiología , Análisis de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
The article analyzed the results of radical operative treatment of 102 patients aged 35-85 years old. It was shown that combined operations on patients of 60 years old and older were associated with high risk of somatic complications in postoperative period. However, these operations provided more higher rate of survival compared with patients younger than 60 years old and improved the quality of life.
Asunto(s)
Colectomía , Neoplasias del Colon , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Colectomía/efectos adversos , Colectomía/métodos , Neoplasias del Colon/mortalidad , Neoplasias del Colon/patología , Neoplasias del Colon/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Invasividad Neoplásica , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/diagnóstico , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/mortalidad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/psicología , Factores de Riesgo , Federación de Rusia/epidemiología , Análisis de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
The article described an original method of forming preventive colostomy, which reduced the rate of incompetence of interintestinal anastomosis in sphinctersaving resection concerning rectal cancer. This also facilitated patient's rehabilitation in early postoperative period.
Asunto(s)
Fuga Anastomótica/prevención & control , Colon/cirugía , Colostomía/métodos , Planificación de Atención al Paciente , Neoplasias del Recto/cirugía , Anciano , Anastomosis Quirúrgica/efectos adversos , Colectomía , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Periodo Posoperatorio , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
The authors analyzed the experience at the period from September 2000 to January 2014. The total exenterations of the small pelvis were performed on 23 patients (12 men and 11 women) at the age from 37 to 71 years old. Supralevator total exenterations with full visceral reconstruction were carried out in 13 cases out of 23. Total infralevator pelvic exenterations were used in 10 cases. There wasn't the intraoperative lethality. Patients (3 cases) died in postoperative period. Postoperative complications developed in 10 patients, though serious complications, which required an application of surgical strategy were noted only in 3 cases. The mean life span consisted of 29 months. The performance of total exenteration of the small pelvis considerably increased the life span of the patients and in case of application of reconstructive methods allowed restoration of quality of life to high level and obtaining moral, psychological and social rehabilitation.
Asunto(s)
Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/cirugía , Exenteración Pélvica , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica/métodos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Calidad de Vida , Neoplasias del Recto , Neoplasias Urogenitales , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Pelvis Menor/patología , Pelvis Menor/cirugía , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Invasividad Neoplásica , Exenteración Pélvica/efectos adversos , Exenteración Pélvica/métodos , Exenteración Pélvica/mortalidad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/mortalidad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/psicología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/cirugía , Neoplasias del Recto/patología , Neoplasias del Recto/cirugía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Federación de Rusia , Análisis de Supervivencia , Neoplasias Urogenitales/patología , Neoplasias Urogenitales/cirugíaRESUMEN
The authors have analyzed the strategy and results of treatment of varicose disease of lower extremities in 452 patients on an outpatient basis. It was shown that the Troyanov-Trendelenburg operation should be used as the first stage of treatment, and sclerotherapy should be carried on after the 4th day.
Asunto(s)
Atención Ambulatoria/métodos , Pacientes Ambulatorios , Soluciones Esclerosantes/administración & dosificación , Escleroterapia/métodos , Várices/terapia , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Vasculares/métodos , Endotelio Vascular/patología , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Inyecciones Intravenosas , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fotomicrografía , Polidocanol , Polietilenglicoles/administración & dosificación , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tetradecil Sulfato de Sodio/administración & dosificación , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Várices/patología , Venas/patologíaRESUMEN
Strain LEIV-776P, possessing no haemagglutinating activity was isolated in 1971 in the Primorie region (U.S.S.R.) from Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann 1091 tick. Complement fixation (CF) tests revealed no antigenic relationship with 24 antigenic groups of arboviruses or 21 ungrouped viruses isolated from ticks. The virus isolate contains RNA and is relatively sensitive to ether and sodium deoxycholate; it is pathogenic for suckling mice and two-week-old white mice by the intracerebral route, and replicates in primary cultures of chick and duck fibroblasts and green monkey kidneys and in a continuous line of pig embryo kidney cells without any cytopathic effect. According to electron microscopy, its size is 90-110 nm. Its morphological properties permit to classify it as a member of the family Bunyaviridae.
Asunto(s)
Arbovirus , Virus Bunyamwera , Garrapatas/microbiología , Animales , Antígenos Virales/análisis , Vectores Arácnidos , Arbovirus/clasificación , Virus Bunyamwera/clasificación , Virus Bunyamwera/crecimiento & desarrollo , Virus Bunyamwera/inmunología , Reservorios de Enfermedades , Especificidad de la Especie , U.R.S.S.RESUMEN
The results of the study on the antigentic properties of influenza viruses causing an epidemic outbreak in November, 1977, in the USSR established their relationship with human influenza viruses H1N1 to the homologous titer, with H0N1 to 1/16 titer and the virus isolated from whales in the Pacific ocean (H0-H1Nav2) to 1/8 titer. The epidemic strains have been shown to possess neuraminidase of human influenza virus type 1.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos Virales/análisis , Brotes de Enfermedades/epidemiología , Subtipo H1N1 del Virus de la Influenza A , Virus de la Influenza A/inmunología , Gripe Humana/epidemiología , Orthomyxoviridae/inmunología , Animales , Pruebas de Inhibición de Hemaglutinación , Humanos , Gripe Humana/inmunología , Neuraminidasa/inmunología , Estaciones del Año , U.R.S.S. , Ballenas/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Four isolates of influenza virus strains from Moscow and Habarovsk that caused outbreaks of influenza in November and December 1977 in several cities of the USSR were studied and their haemagglutinins and neuraminidases were compared with those of other human and animal influenza viruses including A/whale/Pacific Ocean/76. In H1 tests these isolates, designated A/USSR/77, reacted with immune serum against A/FM/1/47 (H1N1) to the homologous titre, and with antiserum against A/whale/PO/19/76 virus to 1/8 of the homologous titre. In neuraminidase inhibition tests all A/USSR/77 isolates showed the presence of human N1 type neuraminidase, more closely related to A/sw/New Jersey/76 (Hsw1N1) than to A/FM/1/47 (H1N1) virus. The haemagglutinin of A/whale/Pacific Ocean/19/76 virus occupies an intermediate position between H0 and H1, but its neuraminidase is close to Nav2. The virus from whales multiplies better at low (28 degrees C) and at high (40 degrees C) temperatures than do the viruses of human origin that were tested.
Asunto(s)
Cetáceos/microbiología , Virus de la Influenza A/inmunología , Serotipificación , Ballenas/microbiología , Adulto , Animales , Niño , Humanos , Gripe Humana/inmunología , Gripe Humana/microbiología , Hígado/microbiología , Pulmón/microbiología , U.R.S.S.RESUMEN
Two strains of influenza virus, A/wagtail/Ukraina/107/74 and A/dove/Ukraina/111/74, were isolated in virological studies of semisynanthropic species of birds shot near villages in the Rovno region (Western Ukraine). Both strains were found to be antigenically identical with influenza A/England/42/72 virus.
Asunto(s)
Aves/microbiología , Virus de la Influenza A/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Hemaglutinación por Virus , Inmunodifusión , Virus de la Influenza A/enzimología , Virus de la Influenza A/inmunología , Neuraminidasa/análisis , Serotipificación , UcraniaRESUMEN
In accordance with the Soviet-American collaboration program on influenza and ARD, cooperative field studies were undertaken in 1975 in the USSR in order to test the field and laboratory methods for studies on influenza virus ecology. In the Rostov region of the USSR, virological and serological examinations of 321 birds of 25 species were carried out. Virological tests were performed with 678 biological specimens and in various serological tests 308 blood serum specimesn from wild birds were examined. Examinations of specimens of washings and organs of birds revealed no hemagglutinating agents. The paper presents the results of studies of avian blood serum specimens in the HI test, neuraminidase activity inhibition test and the immunodiffusion test.
Asunto(s)
Grupos de Población Animal/microbiología , Animales Salvajes/microbiología , Aves/microbiología , Animales , Animales Salvajes/inmunología , Anticuerpos Antiidiotipos/análisis , Antígenos Virales/análisis , Aves/inmunología , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Virus de la Influenza A/aislamiento & purificación , Cooperación Internacional , Orthomyxoviridae/aislamiento & purificación , Federación de Rusia , Estaciones del Año , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
In examination of colonial birds in the Volga delta in the Astrakhan region (188 bioassays from 229 birds) and in the Komandorskie Islands of the Kamchatka region (244 bioassays from 208 birds) in 1974, 15 strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were isolated (8 strains from 7 birds and 7 strains from 12 birds, respectively). The strains were isolated from Egretta alba and Ardea cinerea, and Phalacracorax carbo in the Astrakhan region and from Lunda cirrhata and Uria aalge in the Komandorskie Islands. The isolates were obtained from tracheal and cloacal washings and from pools of viscera. These data are the first evidence of the existence of Newcastle disease virus foci in the USSR.
Asunto(s)
Aves/microbiología , Virus de la Enfermedad de Newcastle/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Anticuerpos Antivirales/análisis , Aves/inmunología , Geografía , U.R.S.S.RESUMEN
An influenza A virus isolated from the cloaca of a common murre was characterized antigenically as H3N2 and was most closely related to the A/Port Chalmers/1/73 strain. Serological studies of sera collected from common murres in the area of virus isolation showed that 21 per cent of the birds had antibodies to Hong Kong influenza virus.
Asunto(s)
Aves/microbiología , Subtipo H3N2 del Virus de la Influenza A , Virus de la Influenza A/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Anticuerpos Antivirales/análisis , Antígenos Virales/análisis , Aves/inmunología , Cloaca/microbiología , Hemaglutininas Virales/análisis , Virus de la Influenza A/inmunología , Neuraminidasa/inmunología , U.R.S.S.RESUMEN
During 1969--1974, 66,000 argasid and ixodid ticks from bird colonies in different parts of the USSR were studied. 247 strains of 8 different viruses were isolated. West Nile, Baku and Caspiy viruses were found from argasid ticks in the Caucasus and Middle Asia whereas ixodid ticks from seabird colonies in the North of the Far East and in the European part of the country yielded Tyuleniy, Zaliv Terpenya, Okhotskiy, Sakhalin and Paramushir viruses. The implications of the findings in the ecology of arboviruses is discussed.
Asunto(s)
Arbovirus , Aves/microbiología , Garrapatas/microbiología , Adaptación Fisiológica , Animales , Arbovirus/clasificación , Arbovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Ecología , Femenino , Masculino , Temperatura , U.R.S.S.RESUMEN
A strain of virus designated YaK-10 was isolated from Boophilus decoloratus ticks (10 specimens) collected in March 1971 from cattle pastured in savanna near Garoy (United Cameroun Republic) by the intracerebral inoculation of suckling mice at the Pasteur Institute in Cameroun. The results of investigations of the biological properties of the strain showed it to be pathogenic for 1-3-day-old suckling mice by the intracerebral and intraperitoneal routes, for 3-week-old mice by the intracerebral route and to be nonpathogenic for adult mice. The incubation period was 5-7 days. The virus multiplies in chick embryos producing death of the majority of eggs and in chick embryo fibroblast cultures with a weak cytopathic effect, and it is sensitive to ether and sodium deoxycholate, passes Millipore filters with pore diameter of 220 nm and has no hemagglutinating properties. Studies of the antigenic properties of the virus by CF and neutralization tests showed it to be identical with Dakar D-9540 VIRUS (Bhanja).