RESUMEN
Objective of experiment was to determine whether oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation altered embryonic loss in dairy cows. Blood samples were collected at days 0, 16, 32 and 60 after timed (AI) from 200 Holstein cows to determine embryonic loss based on interferon-stimulated gene-15 (ISG15) mRNA expression (day 16) and ultrasound at day 32 and day 60. Leucocyte expressions of mRNA TLR2, TLR4, TNF-α, IL1B, IL10, STAT3 (inflammation), PTGS2, PTGES (prostaglandin synthesis), and PLA2G4A and ALOX5AP (eicosanoid metabolism) at days 0 and 16 were determined. Plasma redox status for antioxidant enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined at days 0, 16, 32 and 60. All antioxidant-redox responses were beneficially significant in pregnant cows diagnosed pregnant at day16 and sustained pregnancy to day 60 compared to non-pregnant cows at day16 or pregnant at day16 and lost embryos by days 32 or 60. The leucocyte mRNA expressions of TLR2, TLR4, STAT 3, IL1B, PTGS2, PLA2G4A and ALOX5AP were greater and PTGES was lower at day16 in pregnant cows that lost embryos early (P < 0.05). In conclusion peripheral leucocyte molecular indicators of inflammation and plasma indicators of OS were altered in pregnant cows undergoing embryonic losses compared to cows with a sustained pregnancy.
Asunto(s)
Bovinos/inmunología , Pérdida del Embrión/inmunología , Pérdida del Embrión/veterinaria , Inflamación/inmunología , Inflamación/veterinaria , Leucocitos/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo , Animales , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Bovinos/sangre , Eicosanoides/metabolismo , Pérdida del Embrión/sangre , Femenino , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Inflamación/sangre , Interferones/metabolismo , Oxidación-Reducción , Embarazo , Prostaglandinas/biosíntesis , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) is a growing cause of dysphagia. Current therapies include dietary manipulation, steroids and biological drugs. AIM: To perform a systematic review and summarise the effect of different medical interventions on EoE. METHODS: Two reviewers searched Pubmed and Embase for studies on treatment for EoE. We included randomised controlled trials (RCT) limited to pharmacological interventions. Two reviewers selected studies. Meta-analysis was done using random effects model to estimate odds ratio (OR). Heterogeneity was determined by Cochran's Q statistic and I(2) . RESULTS: Seventeen references met our inclusion criteria. Eleven RCTs involving 455 participants were included in the meta-analysis. 325 participants were evaluated for symptomatic improvement and 330 were evaluated for histological remission. Symptomatic improvement with topical steroids (7 studies, 250 participants) compared to the control group (placebo or PPI) was noted (OR: 3.03, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.57-5.87). Histological remission was also noted in nine studies involving 330 participants (OR: 13.66, 95% CI: 2.65-70.34) comparing topical steroids to a control (placebo or PPI). There was no difference between anti-IL-5 drugs and placebo in terms of symptomatic improvement (OR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.34-1.42). CONCLUSIONS: Topical steroids induce significant symptomatic and histological remission, and should be considered as a first line treatment. Anti-IL-5 therapy has a minor effect on eosinophilic oesophagitis. Future research in eosinophilic oesophagitis should standardise methodology according to published guidelines to improve quality and allow direct comparison between therapies.