RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of literature describing the accuracy of musculoskeletal injury reporting in the U.S. Army. PURPOSE: To investigate symptom-management behaviors as well as factors associated with seeking medical treatment among active duty Soldiers who reported that they had concealed at least one musculoskeletal injury. METHODS: Anonymous surveys were completed by Soldiers (N = 1,388; 1,269 males, 74 females, and 45 no response) assigned to an Infantry Brigade Combat Team. Soldiers were asked to self-report injuries sustained in the last 12 months and whether or not they reported those injuries to a medical provider. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze treatment alternatives. Chi-square test was used to assess any significant relationships between injury and various demographics. RESULTS: There were 808 (58%) Soldiers who stated they had an injury that they did not report. Over-the-counter pain relief medication (81%) was the most commonly selected alternative treatment. CONCLUSION: Over-the-counter pain medication was frequently used for symptom management among Soldiers who did not report their injury to a medical provider.
Asunto(s)
Personal Militar/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas/terapia , Automanejo/estadística & datos numéricos , Heridas y Lesiones/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Medicamentos sin Prescripción/uso terapéutico , Autoinforme/normas , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Heridas y Lesiones/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
We previously reported an "athlete's paradox" in which endurance-trained athletes, who possess a high oxidative capacity and enhanced insulin sensitivity, also have higher intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) content. The purpose of this study was to determine whether moderate exercise training would increase IMCL, oxidative capacity of muscle, and insulin sensitivity in previously sedentary overweight to obese, insulin-resistant, older subjects. Twenty-five older (66.4 +/- 0.8 yr) obese (BMI = 30.3 +/- 0.7 kg/m2) men (n = 9) and women (n = 16) completed a 16-wk moderate but progressive exercise training program. Body weight and fat mass modestly but significantly (P < 0.01) decreased. Insulin sensitivity, measured using the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, was increased (21%, P = 0.02), with modest improvements (7%, P = 0.04) in aerobic fitness (Vo2peak). Histochemical analyses of IMCL (Oil Red O staining), oxidative capacity [succinate dehydrogenase activity (SDH)], glycogen content, capillary density, and fiber type were performed on skeletal muscle biopsies. Exercise training increased IMCL by 21%. In contrast, diacylglycerol and ceramide, measured by mass spectroscopy, were decreased (n = 13; -29% and -24%, respectively, P < 0.05) with exercise training. SDH (19%), glycogen content (15%), capillary density (7%), and the percentage of type I slow oxidative fibers (from 50.8 to 55.7%), all P < or = 0.05, were increased after exercise. In summary, these results extend the athlete's paradox by demonstrating that chronic exercise in overweight to obese older adults improves insulin sensitivity in conjunction with favorable alterations in lipid partitioning and an enhanced oxidative capacity within muscle. Therefore, several key deleterious effects of aging and/or obesity on the metabolic profile of skeletal muscle can be reversed with only moderate increases in physical activity.