RESUMEN
In the Northern Patagonian gulfs of Argentina (Golfo Nuevo and Golfo San José), blooms of toxigenic microalgae and the detection of their associated phycotoxins are recurrent phenomena. The present study evaluated the transfer of phycotoxins from toxigenic microalgae to mesozooplankton in Golfo Nuevo and Golfo San José throughout an annual cycle (December 2014-2015 and January 2015-2016, respectively). In addition, solid-phase adsorption toxin tracking (SPATT) samplers were deployed for the first time in these gulfs, to estimate the occurrence of phycotoxins in the seawater between the phytoplankton samplings. Domoic acid was present throughout the annual cycle in SPATT samplers, whereas no paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins were detected. Ten toxigenic species were identified: Alexandrium catenella, Dinophysis acuminata, Dinophysis acuta, Dinophysis tripos, Dinophysis caudata, Prorocentrum lima, Pseudo-nitzschia australis, Pseudo-nitzschia calliantha, Pseudo-nitzschia fraudulenta, and Pseudo-nitzschia pungens. Lipophilic and hydrophilic toxins were detected in phytoplankton and mesozooplankton from both gulfs. Pseudo-nitzschia spp. were the toxigenic species most frequent in these gulfs. Consequently, domoic acid was the phycotoxin most abundantly detected and transferred to upper trophic levels. Spirolides were detected in phytoplankton and mesozooplankton for the first time in the study area. Likewise, dinophysistoxins were found in mesozooplankton from both gulfs, and this is the first report of the presence of these phycotoxins in zooplankton from the Argentine Sea. The dominance of calanoid copepods indicates that they were the primary vector of phycotoxins in the pelagic trophic web. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2209-2223. © 2019 SETAC.
Asunto(s)
Toxinas Marinas/toxicidad , Microalgas/química , Zooplancton/metabolismo , Adsorción , Animales , Argentina , Biomasa , Diatomeas/efectos de los fármacos , Dinoflagelados/efectos de los fármacos , Geografía , Ácido Kaínico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Kaínico/análisis , Fitoplancton/efectos de los fármacos , Estaciones del Año , Agua de Mar , Zooplancton/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The gulfs that surround Península Valdés (PV), Golfo Nuevo and Golfo San José in Argentina, are important calving grounds for the southern right whale Eubalaena australis. However, high calf mortality events in recent years could be associated with phycotoxin exposure. The present study evaluated the transfer of domoic acid (DA) from Pseudo-nitzschia spp., potential producers of DA, to living and dead right whales via zooplanktonic vectors, while the whales are on their calving ground at PV. Phytoplankton and mesozooplankton (primary prey of the right whales at PV and potential grazers of Pseudo-nitzschia cells) were collected during the 2015 whale season and analyzed for species composition and abundance. DA was measured in plankton and fecal whale samples (collected during whale seasons 2013, 2014 and 2015) using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The genus Pseudo-nitzschia was present in both gulfs with abundances ranging from 4.4×102 and 4.56×105 cell l-1. Pseudo-nitzschia australis had the highest abundance with up to 4.56×105 cell l-1. DA in phytoplankton was generally low, with the exception of samples collected during a P. australis bloom. No clear correlation was found between DA in phytoplankton and mesozooplankton samples. The predominance of copepods in mesozooplankton samples indicates that they were the primary vector for the transfer of DA from Pseudo-nitzschia spp. to higher trophic levels. High levels of DA were detected in four whale fecal samples (ranging from 0.30 to 710µgg-1 dry weight of fecal sample or from 0.05 and 113.6µgg-1 wet weight assuming a mean water content of 84%). The maximum level of DA detected in fecal samples (710µg DA g-1 dry weight of fecal sample) is the highest reported in southern right whales to date. The current findings demonstrate for the first time that southern right whales, E. australis, are exposed to DA via copepods as vectors during their calving season in the gulfs of PV.
Asunto(s)
Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/análisis , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Cadena Alimentaria , Ácido Kaínico/análogos & derivados , Ballenas/metabolismo , Animales , Argentina , Clorofila A/análisis , Heces/química , Femenino , Geografía , Ácido Kaínico/toxicidad , Estaciones del Año , Zooplancton/metabolismoRESUMEN
Se presenta la situación actual de estas bahías desde el punto de vista ambiental y la influencia que sobre las mismas tienen los efluentes que en ellas se descargan
Asunto(s)
Argentina , Ambiente , Aguas del Alcantarillado , Purificación del Agua , Riego Agrícola , Agricultura , CursosRESUMEN
Se realizaron campañas a las zona de Bahia Nueva, en el Golfo Nuevo frente a la ciudad de Puerto Madryn y en la Bahia Engaño, cuando el objetivo de conocer la situacion actual de estas bahias, desde el punto de vista ambiental y la influencia que sobre las mismas tienen, los efluentes que en ellas se descargan. En el caso de la Bahia Nueva los efluentes provenientes de industrias, de la Cooperativa de Servicios Publicos y de vertidos pluviales que drenan permanentemente. En la Bahia Engaño se trata de conocer especificamente la influencia del rio Chubut
Asunto(s)
Argentina , Bahías , Dorso , Contaminación del Mar , Calidad del Agua , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Eliminación de Efluentes IndustrialesRESUMEN
Se realizaron campañas a las zona de Bahia Nueva, en el Golfo Nuevo frente a la ciudad de Puerto Madryn y en la Bahia Engaño, cuando el objetivo de conocer la situacion actual de estas bahias, desde el punto de vista ambiental y la influencia que sobre las mismas tienen, los efluentes que en ellas se descargan. En el caso de la Bahia Nueva los efluentes provenientes de industrias, de la Cooperativa de Servicios Publicos y de vertidos pluviales que drenan permanentemente. En la Bahia Engaño se trata de conocer especificamente la influencia del rio Chubut
Asunto(s)
Argentina , Bahías , Dorso , Eliminación de Efluentes Industriales , Contaminación del Mar , Calidad del Agua , Técnicas BacteriológicasRESUMEN
Se presenta la situación actual de estas bahías desde el punto de vista ambiental y la influencia que sobre las mismas tienen los efluentes que en ellas se descargan