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PURPOSE: As a classical xenotransplantation model, porcine kidneys have been transplanted into the lower abdomen of non-human primates. However, we have improved upon this model by using size-matched grafting in the orthotopic position. The beneficial aspects and surgical details of our method are reported herein. METHODS: Donors were two newborn pigs (weighting 5 to 6 kg) and recipients were two cynomolgus monkeys (weighting, approximately, 7 kg). After bilateral nephrectomy, kidneys were cold-transported in Euro-Collins solution. The porcine kidney was transplanted to the site of a left nephrectomy and fixed to the peritoneum. RESULTS: Kidneys transplanted to the lower abdomen by the conventional method were more susceptible to torsion of the renal vein (two cases). In contrast, early-stage blood flow insufficiency did not occur in orthotopic transplants of theleft kidney. CONCLUSIONS: Size-matched porcine-primate renal grafting using our method of transplanting tothe natural position of the kidneys contributes to stable post-transplant blood flow to the kidney.

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ABSTRACT Purpose As a classical xenotransplantation model, porcine kidneys have been transplanted into the lower abdomen of non-human primates. However, we have improved upon this model by using size-matched grafting in the orthotopic position. The beneficial aspects and surgical details of our method are reported herein. Methods Donors were two newborn pigs (weighting 5 to 6 kg) and recipients were two cynomolgus monkeys (weighting, approximately, 7 kg). After bilateral nephrectomy, kidneys were cold-transported in Euro-Collins solution. The porcine kidney was transplanted to the site of a left nephrectomy and fixed to the peritoneum. Results Kidneys transplanted to the lower abdomen by the conventional method were more susceptible to torsion of the renal vein (two cases). In contrast, early-stage blood flow insufficiency did not occur in orthotopic transplants of theleft kidney. Conclusions Size-matched porcine-primate renal grafting using our method of transplanting tothe natural position of the kidneys contributes to stable post-transplant blood flow to the kidney.

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OBJECTIVE: Unaccustomed exercise causes transient Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS); creatine-kinase and DOMS are indirect markers of muscle damage. Heat pack treatment increases blood flow and relieves pain. We determined the effects of heat pack treatment on DOMS, Creatine-Kinase, pain and jumping following maximum calf-raise exercises. METHODS: Exercise (3 days): calf-raise, 1 movement every 3 seconds until subjects could not maintain movement speed, Recovery: monitored for 7 days. Subjects: 14 female collegiate students (age: 20-22) with previous regular moderate exercise history, divided into heat pack treatment (n = 7; 40ºC, 20-min on both calf muscles immediately after exercise) vs. no treatment (n = 7). Measured parameters: number of daily movements, Creatine-Kinase, one-leg long jumping (JUMP) and perceived pain (PAIN). Maximum dorsiflexion, calf maximum circumference and isometric muscle strength were also measured, but showed no significant variation. RESULTS: There were no differences between groups regarding the number of the calf-raise repetitions; Creatine-Kinase increased significantly from day 3 of the Exercise-period to day 5 of the recovery period and peaked on Recovery day 2 in both groups; it was higher in the treated-group vs. controls; PAIN significantly decreased immediately after the heat pack treatment; DOMS peaked in both groups on day 3 of the Exercise-period, and recovered by day 4 of the recovery period. JUMP values decreased significantly after the initial exercise and recovered to initial values by Day 4 of the recovery period. CONCLUSION: Heat pack treatment for 20 minutes did not minimize DOMS following the maximum calf-raise exercise, but reduced immediate muscle soreness.

OBJETIVO: Exercícios desacostumados causam Dor Muscular Transitória Tardia (DMT); a creatina quinase e a DMT são marcadores indiretos de lesão muscular. Tratamento térmico aumenta o fluxo sanguíneo e alivia a dor. Determinamos os efeitos do tratamento de calor sobr a DMT, a creatina quinase, e a dor causada exercícios máximos de elevação da panturillha. MÉTODOS: Exercício (3 dias): elevação da panturrilha, um movimento cada 3 segundos até que os participantes não puderam manter a velocidade de movimento; esta fase foi seguida por sete dias de recuperação monitorada. Participantes: 14 estudantes universitários do sexo feminino (idade: 20-22) com história anterior exercícios moderados e regulares, divididos em participantes tratados com calor (n = 7; 40 º C, 20 min em ambos os músculos da panturrilha imediatamente após o exercício) vs. nenhum tratamento (n = 7). Os parâmetros medidos foram: número de movimentos diários, creatina quinase, slato em distância com uma única perna (JUMP) e dor percebida (DOR). Foram também medidos a dorsiflexão máxima, circunferência máxima da panturrilha e a força muscular isométrica, que não exibiram variações significativas. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferenças entre os grupos quanto ao número de repetições de elevação de panturrilha; a creatina quinase aumentou significativamente desde o dia 3 do período de exercício até o dia 5 do período de recuperação e chegou ao máximo no dia 2 de recuperação em ambos os grupos; seu valor foi mais elevado no grupo tratado versus controles; a DOR diminuiu significativamente imediatamente após o tratamento de calor; DMT atingiu o pico em ambos os grupos aos 3 dias do período de exercício e desapareceu no dia 4 do período de recuperação. Os valores de JUMP diminuíram significativamente após o exercício inicial e recuperam aos valores iniciais no Dia 4 do período de recuperação. CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento térmico por 20 minutos não minimizou a DMT após o exercício máximo de elevação de panturrilha, mas reduziu a dor muscular imediata.

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