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BACKGROUND Bioprosthetic valves are increasingly implanted in patients with aortic valve stenosis. These valves have a limited durability. Valve-in-valve (ViV) transcatheter aortic valve implanta tion (TAVI) is a treatment option for bioprosthetic valve failure. Both balloon-expandable (BE) and self-expandable (SE) valves are widely used in ViV-TAVI procedures. However, studies comparing outcomes between these fundamentally different valve designs in ViV-TAVI are lacking. METHODS The CENTER study is a patient pooled analysis, comprising data of 12,381 patients undergoing transfemoral TAVI in 6 countries. We assessed differences in clinical outcomes between SE and BE valves in ViV-TAVI patients, as defined by the Valve Academic Research Consortium. RESULTS A total of 256 patients were treated with transfemoral ViV TAVI. Of these, 50% were female, median age was 82 (IQR: 78-85) years, and median STS-PROM was 6.3% (IQR: 4.0%-10.4%). SE valves were used in 162 patients (63%) and BE valves in 94 (37%) patients. SE and BE valve recipients were similar regarding female sex (53% vs 47%; P » 0.38), age (82 years [78-85] vs 81 [78-84]; P » 0.24), and STS PROM (6.5% [4.2%-10.2%] vs 6.2% [4.0%-10.9%]; P » 1.00). Third generation valves were used in 91 (56%) of SE valves and in 40 (43%) of BE valves. There was a trend towards lower 30-day mortality in SE valve patients (3% vs 7%; RR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.11-1.26; P » 0.10). In addition, 30-day major bleeding was less frequent in SE valve patients (3% vs 13%; RR: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.09-0.79; P » 0.01). Rates of conversion to surgery (1% vs 0; P » 0.44) and device success were similar (90% vs 92%; P » 0.62). Moreover, 30-day rates of stroke (1.9% vs 4.6%; P » 0.22), myocardial infarction (0.7% vs 1.8%; P » 0.46), and permanent pacemaker implantation (9.3% vs 7.9%; P » 0.70) were similar. There was no difference in 1-year mortality (12.5% vs 17.6%; P » 0.32) and stroke rates (3.7% vs 7.4%; P » 0.25). CONCLUSION There was a trend toward lower 30-day mortality in ViV-TAVI patients treated with SE valves. Moreover, the use of SE valves in ViV-TAVI was associated with lower rates of major bleeding than BE valves. Our findings warrant randomized controlled trials directly comparing SE and BE valves in ViV-TAVI patients.
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Angioplastia Coronaria con Balón , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica TranscatéterRESUMEN
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common in patients with aortic valve stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implanta tion (TAVI). We compared clinical outcomes between TAVI patients with baseline AF versus TAVI patients without AF. METHODS The CENTER study is an international collaboration including 12,381 patients treated with transfemoral TAVI. This pooled analysis consists of patient level data from 10 different studies. End points were stroke and mortality rates at 30 days and 1 year after TAVI as defined by the Valve Academic Research Consortium. RESULTS Of the 12,381 patients, 58% were female, the mean age was 81.5 7.0 years, and the median logistic EuroSCORE was 14.4% (9.0%- 23.0%). A total of 3,354 patients (27%) had known baseline AF. In patients with AF, there was a trend toward higher in-hospital mor tality (5.3% vs 3.5%; relative risk [RR]: 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.99-1.41; P » 0.06). Moreover, 30-day mortality (7.1% vs 5.3%; RR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.16-1.59; P < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (20.8% vs 15.3%; RR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.23-1.52; P < 0.001) was higher in AF patients. In contrast, stroke rates were comparable in patients with versus without AF during hospital admission (2.2% vs 2.0%, P » 0.60), at 30 days (2.9% vs 2.4%, P » 0.18), and 1 year after TAVI (5.3% vs 5.1%, P » 0.75). Also, 30-day rates of myocardial infarction (0.8% vs 1.0%, P » 0.38) and major bleeding (7.6% vs 7.3%, P » 0.53) were similar between both patient groups. However, permanent pace makers were more frequently implanted in AF patients (14.8% vs 13.4%; RR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.00-1.23; P » 0.05). CONCLUSION In this global study of >12,000 patients undergoing transfemoral TAVI, AF was associated with higher 30-day and 1-year mortality. Moreover, patients with AF more frequently required a permanent pacemaker. Although AF is a common condition in pa tients undergoing TAVI, it is undoubtedly not a benign arrhythmia. Therefore, our results underscore the evident need for further research in treatment options for patients with AF undergoing TAVI.
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Fibrilación Atrial , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica TranscatéterRESUMEN
BACKGROUND COMBO (OrbusNeich Medical) is a dual-therapy coro nary stent featuring sirolimus as the antiproliferative drug and an anti-CD34+ antibody coating to attract endothelial progenitor cells favoring rapid stent re-endothelization. The Mega COMBO collabora tion aimed to evaluate the performance of the COMBO stent in a large contemporary cohort of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) METHODS Patient-level data of subjects undergoing PCI with the COMBO stent from the REMEDEE-Trial, REMEDEE-OCT, HARMONEE, REDUCE, SORT OUT X, REMEDEE-Registry, and MASCOT studies were pooled together. The primary end point was 1-year target lesion fail ure (TLF), a composite of cardiovascular death, target vessel myocardial infarction (TV-MI), and ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization (ID-TLR). Event rates were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method. Predictors of TLF were obtained from multi variate Cox regression, with stepwise selection of candidate variables RESULTS A total of 6,753 patients (median age » 64 years, 23% women) were included. Baseline characteristics are summarized in Figure 1A. At 1 year, TLF occurred in 303 (4.6%) patients. The rates of cardiovascular death, TV-MI, and ID-TLR were 1.3%, 1.8%, and 2.5%, respectively. Independent predictors for TLF are reported in Figure 1B. CONCLUSION This large patient-level pooled analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the safety and efficacy of the dual-ther apy COMBO stent. The rate of TLF observed at 1 year was low, making this stent technology a potential alternative to other contemporary drug-eluting stent platforms.
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Stents Liberadores de Fármacos , Intervención Coronaria Percutánea , SirolimusRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The incidence of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors is increasing globally, with a disproportionate burden in the low and low-middle income countries (L/LMICs). Peer support, as a low-cost lifestyle intervention, has succeeded in managing chronic illness. For global CV risk reduction, limited data exists in LMICs. AIM: The GHP-CHANGE was designed as a community-based randomized trial to test the effectiveness of peer support strategy for CV risk reduction in the island of Grenada, a LMIC. METHODS: We recruited 402 adults from the Grenada Heart Project (GHP) Cohort Study of 2827 subjects with at least two CV risk factors. Subjects were randomized in a 1:1 fashion to a peer-group based intervention group (nâ¯=â¯206) or a self-management control group (nâ¯=â¯196) for 12 months. The primary outcome was the change from baseline in a composite score related to Blood pressure, Exercise, Weight, Alimentation and Tobacco (FBS, Fuster-BEWAT Score), ranging from 0 to 15 (ideal healthâ¯=â¯15). Linear mixed-effects models were used to test for intervention effects. RESULTS: Participants mean age was 51.4 years (SD 14.5) years, two-thirds were female, and baseline mean FBS was 8.9 (SD 2.6) and 8.5 (SD 2.6) in the intervention and control group, respectively (Pâ¯=â¯.152). At post intervention, the mean FBS was higher in the intervention group compared to the control group [9.1 (SD 2.7) vs 8.5 (SD 2.6), Pâ¯=â¯.028]. When balancing baseline health profile, the between-group difference (intervention vs. control) in the change of FBS was 0.31 points (95% CI: -0.12 to 0.75; Pâ¯=â¯.154). CONCLUSIONS: The GHP-CHANGE trial showed that a peer-support lifestyle intervention program was feasible; however, it did not demonstrate a significant improvement in the FBS as compared to the control group. Further studies should assess the effects of low-cost lifestyle interventions in LMICs.
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Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/prevención & control , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Promoción de la Salud/métodos , Estilo de Vida , Grupo Paritario , Apoyo Social , Presión Sanguínea , Peso Corporal , Países en Desarrollo , Ejercicio Físico , Estudios de Factibilidad , Femenino , Alimentos , Grenada , Indicadores de Salud , Humanos , Modelos Lineales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Autocuidado , Cese del Hábito de Fumar , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
AIMS: The aim of this study was to compare clinical outcomes of patients undergoing transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) with balloon-expandable (BE) valves vs. self-expandable (SE) valves. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation is a minimally invasive and lifesaving treatment in patients with aortic valve stenosis. Even though BE-valves and SE-valves are both commonly used on a large scale, adequately sized trials comparing clinical outcomes in patients with severe aortic valve stenosis treated with BE-valves compared with SE-valves are lacking. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this CENTER-collaboration, data from 10 registries or clinical trials, selected through a systematic search, were pooled and analyzed. Propensity score methodology was used to reduce treatment selection bias and potential confounding. The primary endpoints were mortality and stroke at 30 days follow-up in patients treated with BE-valves compared with SE-valves. Secondary endpoints included clinical outcomes, e.g. bleeding during hospital admission. All outcomes were split for early-generation BE-valves compared with early-generation SE-valves and new-generation BE-valves with new-generation SE-valves. The overall patient population (N = 12 381) included 6239 patients undergoing TAVI with BE-valves and 6142 patients with SE-valves. The propensity matched population had a mean age of 81 ± 7 years and a median STS-PROM score or 6.5% [interquartile range (IQR) 4.0-13.0%]. At 30-day follow-up, the mortality rate was not statistically different in patients undergoing TAVI with BE-valves compared with SE-valves [BE: 5.3% vs. SE: 6.2%, relative risk (RR) 0.9; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7-1.0, P = 0.10]. Stroke occurred less frequently in patients treated with BE-valves (BE: 1.9% vs. SE: 2.6%, RR 0.7; 95% CI 0.5-1.0, P = 0.03). Also, patients treated with BE-valves had a three-fold lower risk of requiring pacemaker implantation (BE: 7.8% vs. SE: 20.3%, RR 0.4; 95% CI 0.3-0.4, P < 0.001). In contrast, patients treated with new-generation BE-valves more frequently experienced major and life-threatening bleedings compared with new-generation SE-valves (BE: 4.8% vs. SE: 2.1%, RR 2.3; 95% CI 1.6-3.3, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In this study, which is the largest study to compare valve types in TAVI, we demonstrated that the incidence of stroke and pacemaker implantation was lower in patients undergoing transfemoral TAVI with BE-valves compared with SE-valves. In contrast, patients treated with new-generation BE-valves more often suffered from major or life-threatening bleedings than patients with new-generation SE-valves. Mortality at 30-days was not statistically different in patients treated with BE-valves compared with SE-valves. This study was a propensity-matched analysis generated from observational data, accordingly current outcomes will have to be confirmed in a large scale randomized controlled trial. (AU)